System, apparatus and method for consistent acoustic scene reproduction based on informed spatial filtering

ABSTRACT

A system for generating and outputting one or more audio output signals has a decomposition module, a signal processor, and an output interface. The decomposition module can receive two or more audio input signals, to generate a direct component signal, having direct signal components of the audio input signals, and to generate a diffuse component signal, having diffuse signal components of the audio input signals. The signal processor can receive the direct component signal, the diffuse component signal and direction information, to generate one or more processed diffuse signals depending on the diffuse component signal, for each of the one or more audio output signals, to determine, depending on the direction of arrival, a direct gain, to apply the direct gain on the direct component signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and to combine the processed direct signal and a processed diffuse signal to generate the audio output signal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of copending InternationalApplication No. PCT/EP2015/058859, filed Apr. 23, 2015, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and additionallyclaims priority from European Application No. 14167053.9, filed May 5,2014, and from European Application No. 14183855.7, filed Sep. 5, 2014,which are each incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference inthereto.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to audio signal processing, and, inparticular, to a system, an apparatus and a method for consistentacoustic scene reproduction based on informed spatial filtering.

In spatial sound reproduction the sound at the recording location(near-end side) is captured with multiple microphones and thenreproduced at the reproduction side (far-end side) using multipleloudspeakers or headphones. In many applications, it is desired toreproduce the recorded sound such that the spatial image recreated atthe far-end side is consistent with the original spatial image at thenear-end side. This means for instance that the sound of the soundsources is reproduced from the directions where the sources were presentin the original recording scenario. Alternatively, when for instance avideo is complimenting the recorded audio, it is desirable that thesound is reproduced such that the recreated acoustical image isconsistent with the video image. This means for instance that the soundof a sound source is reproduced from the direction where the source isvisible in the video. Additionally, the video camera may be equippedwith a visual zoom function or the user at the far-end side may apply adigital zoom to the video which would change the visual image. In thiscase, the acoustical image of the reproduced spatial sound should changeaccordingly. In many cases, the far-end side determines the spatialimage to which the reproduced sound should be consistent is determinedeither at the far end side or during play back, for instance when avideo image is involved. Consequently, the spatial sound at the near-endside is recorded, processed, and transmitted such that at the far-endside we can still control the recreated acoustical image.

The possibility to reproduce a recorded acoustical scene consistentlywith a desired spatial image is necessitated in many modernapplications. For instance modern consumer devices such as digitalcameras or mobile phones are often equipped with a video camera andmultiple microphones. This enables to record videos together withspatial sound, e.g., stereo sound. When reproducing the recorded audiotogether with the video, it is desired that the visual and acousticalimage are consistent. When the user zooms in with the camera, it isdesirable to recreate the visual zooming effect acoustically so that thevisual and acoustical images are aligned when watching the video. Forinstance, when the user zooms in on a person, the voice of this personshould become less reverberant as the person appears to be closer to thecamera. Moreover, the voice of the person should be reproduced from thesame direction where the person appears in the visual image. Mimickingthe visual zoom of a camera acoustically is referred to as acousticalzoom in the following and represents one example of a consistentaudio-video reproduction. The consistent audio-video reproduction whichmay involve an acoustical zoom is also useful in teleconferencing, wherethe spatial sound at the near-end side is reproduced at the far-end sidetogether with a visual image. Moreover, it is desirable to recreate thevisual zooming effect acoustically so that the visual and acousticalimages are aligned.

The first implementation of an acoustical zoom was presented in [1],where the zooming effect was obtained by increasing the directivity of asecond-order directional microphone, whose signal was generated based onthe signals of a linear microphone array. This approach was extended in[2] to a stereo zoom. A more recent approach for a mono or stereo zoomwas presented in [3], which consists in changing the sound source levelssuch that the source from the frontal direction was preserved, whereasthe sources coming from other directions and the diffuse sound wereattenuated. The approaches proposed in [1,2] result in an increase ofthe direct-to-reverberation ratio (DRR) and the approach in [3]additionally allows for the suppression of undesired sources. Theaforementioned approaches assume the sound source is located in front ofa camera, and do not aim to capture the acoustical image that isconsistent with the video image.

A well-known approach for a flexible spatial sound recording andreproduction is represented by directional audio coding (DirAC) [4]. InDirAC, the spatial sound at the near-end side is described in terms ofan audio signal and parametric side information, namely thedirection-of-arrival (DOA) and diffuseness of the sound. The parametricdescription enables the reproduction of the original spatial image witharbitrary loudspeaker setups. This means that the recreated spatialimage at the far-end side is consistent with the spatial image duringrecording at the near-end side. However, if for instance a video iscomplimenting the recorded audio, then the reproduced spatial sound isnot necessarily aligned to the video image. Moreover, the recreatedacoustical image cannot be adjusted when the visual images changes,e.g., when the look direction and zoom of the camera is changed. Thismeans that DirAC provides no possibility to adjust the recreatedacoustical image to an arbitrary desired spatial image.

In [5], an acoustical zoom was realized based on DirAC. DirAC representsa reasonable basis to realize an acoustical zoom as it is based on asimple yet powerful signal model assuming that the sound field in thetime-frequency domain is composed of a single plane wave plus diffusesound. The underlying model parameters, e.g., the DOA and diffuseness,are exploited to separate the direct sound and diffuse sound and tocreate the acoustical zoom effect. The parametric description of thespatial sound enables an efficient transmission of the sound scene tothe far-end side while still providing the user full control over thezoom effect and spatial sound reproduction. Even though DirAC employsmultiple microphones to estimate the model parameters, onlysingle-channel filters are applied to extract the direct sound anddiffuse sound, limiting the quality of the reproduced sound. Moreover,all sources in the sound scene are assumed to be positioned on a circleand the spatial sound reproduction is performed with reference to achanging position of an audio-visual camera, which is inconsistent withthe visual zoom. In fact, zooming changes the view angle of the camerawhile the distance to the visual objects and their relative positions inthe image remain unchanged, which is in contrast to moving a camera.

A related approach is the so-called virtual microphone (VM) technique[6,7] which considers the same signal model as DirAC but allows tosynthesize the signal of a non-existing (virtual) microphone in anarbitrary position in the sound scene. Moving the VM towards a soundsource is analogous to the movement of the camera to a new position. TheVM was realized using multi-channel filters to improve the soundquality, but necessitates several distributed microphone arrays toestimate the model parameters.

However, it would be highly appreciated, if further improved conceptsfor audio signal processing would be provided.

SUMMARY

According to an embodiment, a system for generating two or more audiooutput signals may have: a decomposition module, a signal processor, andan output interface, wherein the decomposition module is configured toreceive two or more audio input signals, wherein the decompositionmodule is configured to generate a direct component signal, havingdirect signal components of the two or more audio input signals, andwherein the decomposition module is configured to generate a diffusecomponent signal, having diffuse signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals, wherein the signal processor is configured toreceive the direct component signal, the diffuse component signal anddirection information, said direction information depending on adirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals, wherein the signal processor is configured togenerate one or more processed diffuse signals depending on the diffusecomponent signal, wherein, for each audio output signal of the two ormore audio output signals, the signal processor is configured todetermine, depending on the direction of arrival, a direct gain, thesignal processor is configured to apply said direct gain on the directcomponent signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and the signalprocessor is configured to combine said processed direct signal and oneof the one or more processed diffuse signals to generate said audiooutput signal, and wherein the output interface is configured to outputthe two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audio outputsignal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gain functionis assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panning gainfunction of each of the two or more audio output signals has a pluralityof panning function argument values, wherein a panning function returnvalue is assigned to each of said panning function argument values,wherein, when said panning gain function receives one of said panningfunction argument values, said panning gain function is configured toreturn the panning function return value being assigned to said one ofsaid panning function argument values, wherein the panning gain functionhas a direction dependent argument value which depends on the directionof arrival, wherein the signal processor has a gain function computationmodule for computing a direct gain function for each of the two or moreaudio output signals depending on the panning gain function beingassigned to said audio output signal and depending on a window gainfunction, to determine the direct gain of said audio output signal,wherein the signal processor is configured to further receiveorientation information indicating an angular shift of a look directionof a camera, and at least one of the panning gain function and thewindow gain function depends on the orientation information; or whereinthe gain function computation module is configured to further receivezoom information, and the zoom information indicates an opening angle ofthe camera, and wherein at least one of the panning gain function andthe window gain function depends on the zoom information.

Another embodiment may have a hearing aid or an assistive listeningdevice having a system as mentioned above.

According to another embodiment, an apparatus for generating two or moreaudio output signals may have: a signal processor, and an outputinterface, wherein the signal processor is configured to receive adirect component signal, having direct signal components of two or moreoriginal audio signals, wherein the signal processor is configured toreceive a diffuse component signal, having diffuse signal components ofthe two or more original audio signals, and wherein the signal processoris configured to receive direction information, said directioninformation depending on a direction of arrival of the direct signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals, wherein the signalprocessor is configured to generate one or more processed diffusesignals depending on the diffuse component signal, wherein, for eachaudio output signal of the two or more audio output signals, the signalprocessor is configured to determine, depending on the direction ofarrival, a direct gain, the signal processor is configured to apply saiddirect gain on the direct component signal to obtain a processed directsignal, and the signal processor is configured to combine said processeddirect signal and one of the one or more processed diffuse signals togenerate said audio output signal, and wherein the output interface isconfigured to output the two or more audio output signals, wherein foreach audio output signal of the two or more audio output signals apanning gain function is assigned to said audio output signal, whereinthe panning gain function of each of the two or more audio outputsignals has a plurality of panning function argument values, wherein apanning function return value is assigned to each of said panningfunction argument values, wherein, when said panning gain functionreceives one of said panning function argument values, said panning gainfunction is configured to return the panning function return value beingassigned to said one of said panning function argument values, whereinthe panning gain function has a direction dependent argument value whichdepends on the direction of arrival, wherein the signal processor has again function computation module for computing a direct gain functionfor each of the two or more audio output signals depending on thepanning gain function being assigned to said audio output signal anddepending on a window gain function, to determine the direct gain ofsaid audio output signal, and wherein the signal processor is configuredto further receive orientation information indicating an angular shiftof a look direction of a camera, and at least one of the panning gainfunction and the window gain function depends on the orientationinformation; or wherein the gain function computation module isconfigured to further receive zoom information, and the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information.

According to still another embodiment, a method for generating two ormore audio output signals may have the steps of: receiving two or moreaudio input signals, generating a direct component signal, having directsignal components of the two or more audio input signals, generating adiffuse component signal, having diffuse signal components of the two ormore audio input signals, receiving direction information depending on adirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals, generating one or more processed diffuse signalsdepending on the diffuse component signal, for each audio output signalof the two or more audio output signals, determining, depending on thedirection of arrival, a direct gain, applying said direct gain on thedirect component signal to obtain a processed direct signal, andcombining said processed direct signal and one of the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal, andoutputting the two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gainfunction is assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panninggain function of each of the two or more audio output signals has aplurality of panning function argument values, wherein a panningfunction return value is assigned to each of said panning functionargument values, wherein, when said panning gain function receives oneof said panning function argument values, said panning gain function isconfigured to return the panning function return value being assigned tosaid one of said panning function argument values, wherein the panninggain function has a direction dependent argument value which depends onthe direction of arrival, wherein the method further has computing adirect gain function for each of the two or more audio output signalsdepending on the panning gain function being assigned to said audiooutput signal and depending on a window gain function, to determine thedirect gain of said audio output signal, and wherein the method furtherhas receiving orientation information indicating an angular shift of alook direction of a camera, and at least one of the panning gainfunction and the window gain function depends on the orientationinformation; or wherein the method further has receiving zoominformation, wherein the zoom information indicates an opening angle ofthe camera, and wherein at least one of the panning gain function andthe window gain function depends on the zoom information.

According to another embodiment, a method for generating two or moreaudio output signals may have the steps of: receiving a direct componentsignal, having direct signal components of two or more original audiosignals, receiving a diffuse component signal, having diffuse signalcomponents of the two or more original audio signals, receivingdirection information, said direction information depending on adirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals, generating one or more processed diffuse signalsdepending on the diffuse component signal, for each audio output signalof the two or more audio output signals, determining, depending on thedirection of arrival, a direct gain, applying said direct gain on thedirect component signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and thecombining said processed direct signal and one of the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal, andoutputting the two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gainfunction is assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panninggain function of each of the two or more audio output signals has aplurality of panning function argument values, wherein a panningfunction return value is assigned to each of said panning functionargument values, wherein, when said panning gain function receives oneof said panning function argument values, said panning gain function isconfigured to return the panning function return value being assigned tosaid one of said panning function argument values, wherein the panninggain function has a direction dependent argument value which depends onthe direction of arrival, wherein the method further has computing adirect gain function for each of the two or more audio output signalsdepending on the panning gain function being assigned to said audiooutput signal and depending on a window gain function, to determine thedirect gain of said audio output signal, and wherein the method furtherhas receiving orientation information indicating an angular shift of alook direction of a camera, and at least one of the panning gainfunction and the window gain function depends on the orientationinformation; or wherein the method further has receiving zoominformation, wherein the zoom information indicates an opening angle ofthe camera, and wherein at least one of the panning gain function andthe window gain function depends on the zoom information.

Another embodiment may have a computer program for implementing a methodfor generating two or more audio output signals, having: receiving twoor more audio input signals, generating a direct component signal,having direct signal components of the two or more audio input signals,generating a diffuse component signal, having diffuse signal componentsof the two or more audio input signals, receiving direction informationdepending on a direction of arrival of the direct signal components ofthe two or more audio input signals, generating one or more processeddiffuse signals depending on the diffuse component signal, for eachaudio output signal of the two or more audio output signals,determining, depending on the direction of arrival, a direct gain,applying said direct gain on the direct component signal to obtain aprocessed direct signal, and combining said processed direct signal andone of the one or more processed diffuse signals to generate said audiooutput signal, and outputting the two or more audio output signals,wherein for each audio output signal of the two or more audio outputsignals a panning gain function is assigned to said audio output signal,wherein the panning gain function of each of the two or more audiooutput signals has a plurality of panning function argument values,wherein a panning function return value is assigned to each of saidpanning function argument values, wherein, when said panning gainfunction receives one of said panning function argument values, saidpanning gain function is configured to return the panning functionreturn value being assigned to said one of said panning functionargument values, wherein the panning gain function has a directiondependent argument value which depends on the direction of arrival,wherein the method further has computing a direct gain function for eachof the two or more audio output signals depending on the panning gainfunction being assigned to said audio output signal and depending on awindow gain function, to determine the direct gain of said audio outputsignal, and wherein the method further has receiving orientationinformation indicating an angular shift of a look direction of a camera,and at least one of the panning gain function and the window gainfunction depends on the orientation information; or wherein the methodfurther has receiving zoom information, wherein the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information, when being executed on a computer or signal processor.

Still another embodiment may have a computer program for implementing amethod for generating two or more audio output signals, having:receiving a direct component signal, having direct signal components oftwo or more original audio signals, receiving a diffuse componentsignal, having diffuse signal components of the two or more originalaudio signals, receiving direction information, said directioninformation depending on a direction of arrival of the direct signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals, generating one ormore processed diffuse signals depending on the diffuse componentsignal, for each audio output signal of the two or more audio outputsignals, determining, depending on the direction of arrival, a directgain, applying said direct gain on the direct component signal to obtaina processed direct signal, and the combining said processed directsignal and one of the one or more processed diffuse signals to generatesaid audio output signal, and outputting the two or more audio outputsignals, wherein for each audio output signal of the two or more audiooutput signals a panning gain function is assigned to said audio outputsignal, wherein the panning gain function of each of the two or moreaudio output signals has a plurality of panning function argumentvalues, wherein a panning function return value is assigned to each ofsaid panning function argument values, wherein, when said panning gainfunction receives one of said panning function argument values, saidpanning gain function is configured to return the panning functionreturn value being assigned to said one of said panning functionargument values, wherein the panning gain function has a directiondependent argument value which depends on the direction of arrival,wherein the method further has computing a direct gain function for eachof the two or more audio output signals depending on the panning gainfunction being assigned to said audio output signal and depending on awindow gain function, to determine the direct gain of said audio outputsignal, and wherein the method further has receiving orientationinformation indicating an angular shift of a look direction of a camera,and at least one of the panning gain function and the window gainfunction depends on the orientation information; or wherein the methodfurther has receiving zoom information, wherein the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information, when being executed on a computer or signal processor.

A system for generating one or more audio output signals is provided.The system comprises a decomposition module, a signal processor, and anoutput interface. The decomposition module is configured to receive twoor more audio input signals, wherein the decomposition module isconfigured to generate a direct component signal, comprising directsignal components of the two or more audio input signals, and whereinthe decomposition module is configured to generate a diffuse componentsignal, comprising diffuse signal components of the two or more audioinput signals. The signal processor is configured to receive the directcomponent signal, the diffuse component signal and directioninformation, said direction information depending on a direction ofarrival of the direct signal components of the two or more audio inputsignals. Moreover, the signal processor is configured to generate one ormore processed diffuse signals depending on the defuse component signal.For each audio output signal of the one or more audio output signals,the signal processor is configured to determine, depending on thedirection of arrival, a direct gain, the signal processor is configuredto apply said direct gain on the direct component signal to obtain aprocessed direct signal, and the signal processor is configured tocombine said processed direct signal and one of the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal. Theoutput interface is configured to output the one or more audio outputsignals.

According to embodiments, concepts are provided to achieve spatial soundrecording and reproduction such that the recreated acoustical image may,e.g., be consistent to a desired spatial image, which is, for example,determined by the user at the far-end side or by a video-image. Theproposed approach uses a microphone array at the near-end side whichallows us to decompose the captured sound into direct sound componentsand a diffuse sound component. The extracted sound components are thentransmitted to the far-end side. The consistent spatial soundreproduction may, e.g., be realized by a weighted sum of the extracteddirect sound and diffuse sound, where the weights depend on the desiredspatial image to which the reproduced sound should be consistent, e.g.,the weights depend on the look direction and zooming factor of the videocamera, which may, e.g., be complimenting the audio recording. Conceptsare provided which employ informed multi-channel filters for theextraction of the direct sound and diffuse sound.

According to an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., beconfigured to determine two or more audio output signals, wherein foreach audio output signal of the two or more audio output signals apanning gain function may, e.g., be assigned to said audio outputsignal, wherein the panning gain function of each of the two or moreaudio output signals comprises a plurality of panning function argumentvalues, wherein a panning function return value may, e.g., be assignedto each of said panning function argument values, wherein, when saidpanning gain function receives one of said panning function argumentvalues, said panning gain function may, e.g., be configured to returnthe panning function return value being assigned to said one of saidpanning function argument values, and wherein the signal processor may,e.g., be configured to determine each of the two or more audio outputsignals depending on a direction dependent argument value of the panningfunction argument values of the panning gain function being assigned tosaid audio output signal, wherein said direction dependent argumentvalue depends on the direction of arrival.

In an embodiment, the panning gain function of each of the two or moreaudio output signals has one or more global maxima, being one of thepanning function argument values, wherein for each of the one or moreglobal maxima of each panning gain function, no other panning functionargument value exists for which said panning gain function returns agreater panning function return value than for said global maxima, andwherein, for each pair of a first audio output signal and a second audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals, at least one ofthe one or more global maxima of the panning gain function of the firstaudio output signal may, e.g., be different from any of the one or moreglobal maxima of the panning gain function of the second audio outputsignal.

According to an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., beconfigured to generate each audio output signal of the one or more audiooutput signals depending on a window gain function, wherein the windowgain function may, e.g., be configured to return a window functionreturn value when receiving a window function argument value, wherein,if the window function argument value may, e.g., be greater than a lowerwindow threshold and smaller than an upper window threshold, the windowgain function may, e.g., be configured to return a window functionreturn value being greater than any window function return valuereturned by the window gain function, if the window function argumentvalue may, e.g., be smaller than the lower threshold, or greater thanthe upper threshold.

In an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., be configured tofurther receive orientation information indicating an angular shift of alook direction with respect to the direction of arrival, and wherein atleast one of the panning gain function and the window gain functiondepends on the orientation information; or wherein the gain functioncomputation module may, e.g., be configured to further receive zoominformation, wherein the zoom information indicates an opening angle ofa camera, and wherein at least one of the panning gain function and thewindow gain function depends on the zoom information; or wherein thegain function computation module may, e.g., be configured to furtherreceive a calibration parameter, and wherein at least one of the panninggain function and the window gain function depends on the calibrationparameter.

According to an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., beconfigured to receive distance information, wherein the signal processormay, e.g., be configured to generate each audio output signal of the oneor more audio output signals depending on the distance information.

According to an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., beconfigured to receive an original angle value depending on an originaldirection of arrival, being the direction of arrival of the directsignal components of the two or more audio input signals, and may, e.g.,be configured to receive the distance information, wherein the signalprocessor may, e.g., be configured to calculate a modified angle valuedepending on the original angle value and depending on the distanceinformation, and wherein the signal processor may, e.g., be configuredto generate each audio output signal of the one or more audio outputsignals depending on the modified angle value.

According to an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., beconfigured to generate the one or more audio output signals byconducting low pass filtering, or by adding delayed direct sound, or byconducting direct sound attenuation, or by conducting temporalsmoothing, or by conducting direction of arrival spreading, or byconducting decorrelation.

In an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., be configured togenerate two or more audio output channels, wherein the signal processormay, e.g., be configured to apply the diffuse gain on the diffusecomponent signal to obtain an intermediate diffuse signal, and whereinthe signal processor may, e.g., be configured to generate one or moredecorrelated signals from the intermediate diffuse signal by conductingdecorrelation, wherein the one or more decorrelated signals form the oneor more processed diffuse signals, or wherein the intermediate diffusesignal and the one or more decorrelated signals form the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals.

According to an embodiment, the direct component signal and one or morefurther direct component signals form a group of two or more directcomponent signals, wherein the decomposition module may, e.g., beconfigured may, e.g., be configured to generate the one or more furtherdirect component signals comprising further direct signal components ofthe two or more audio input signals, wherein the direction of arrivaland one or more further direction of arrivals form a group of two ormore direction of arrivals, wherein each direction of arrival of thegroup of the two or more direction of arrivals may, e.g., be assigned toexactly one direct component signal of the group of the two or moredirect component signals, wherein the number of the direct componentsignals of the two or more direct component signals and the number ofthe direction of arrivals of the two direction of arrivals may, e.g., beequal, wherein the signal processor may, e.g., be configured to receivethe group of the two or more direct component signals, and the group ofthe two or more direction of arrivals, and wherein, for each audiooutput signal of the one or more audio output signals, the signalprocessor may, e.g., be configured to determine, for each directcomponent signal of the group of the two or more direct componentsignals, a direct gain depending on the direction of arrival of saiddirect component signal, the signal processor may, e.g., be configuredto generate a group of two or more processed direct signals by applying,for each direct component signal of the group of the two or more directcomponent signals, the direct gain of said direct component signal onsaid direct component signal, and the signal processor may, e.g., beconfigured to combine one of the one or more processed diffuse signalsand each processed signal of the group of the two or more processedsignals to generate said audio output signal.

In an embodiment, the number of the direct component signals of thegroup of the two or more direct component signals plus 1 may, e.g., besmaller than the number of the audio input signals being received by thereceiving interface.

Moreover, a hearing aid or an assistive listening device comprising asystem as described above may, e.g., be provided.

Moreover, an apparatus for generating one or more audio output signalsis provided. The apparatus comprises a signal processor and an outputinterface. The signal processor is configured to receive a directcomponent signal, comprising direct signal components of the two or moreoriginal audio signals, wherein the signal processor is configured toreceive a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signal componentsof the two or more original audio signals, and wherein the signalprocessor is configured to receive direction information, said directioninformation depending on a direction of arrival of the direct signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals. Moreover, the signalprocessor is configured to generate one or more processed diffusesignals depending on the defuse component signal. For each audio outputsignal of the one or more audio output signals, the signal processor isconfigured to determine, depending on the direction of arrival, a directgain, the signal processor is configured to apply said direct gain onthe direct component signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and thesignal processor is configured to combine said processed direct signaland one of the one or more processed diffuse signals to generate saidaudio output signal. The output interface is configured to output theone or more audio output signals.

Furthermore, a method for generating one or more audio output signals isprovided. The method comprises:

-   -   Receiving two or more audio input signals.    -   Generating a direct component signal, comprising direct signal        components of the two or more audio input signals.    -   Generating a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signal        components of the two or more audio input signals.    -   Receiving direction information depending on a direction of        arrival of the direct signal components of the two or more audio        input signals.    -   Generating one or more processed diffuse signals depending on        the defuse component signal.    -   For each audio output signal of the one or more audio output        signals, determining, depending on the direction of arrival, a        direct gain, applying said direct gain on the direct component        signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and combining said        processed direct signal and one of the one or more processed        diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal. And:    -   Outputting the one or more audio output signals.

Moreover, a method for generating one or more audio output signals isprovided. The method comprises:

-   -   Receiving a direct component signal, comprising direct signal        components of the two or more original audio signals.    -   Receiving a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signal        components of the two or more original audio signals.    -   Receiving direction information, said direction information        depending on a direction of arrival of the direct signal        components of the two or more audio input signals.    -   Generating one or more processed diffuse signals depending on        the defuse component signal.    -   For each audio output signal of the one or more audio output        signals, determining, depending on the direction of arrival, a        direct gain, applying said direct gain on the direct component        signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and the combining        said processed direct signal and one of the one or more        processed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal.        And:    -   Outputting the one or more audio output signals.

Moreover, computer programs are provided, wherein each of the computerprograms is configured to implement one of the above-described methodswhen being executed on a computer or signal processor, so that each ofthe above-described methods is implemented by one of the computerprograms.

Furthermore, a system for generating one or more audio output signals isprovided. The system comprises a decomposition module, a signalprocessor, and an output interface. The decomposition module isconfigured to receive two or more audio input signals, wherein thedecomposition module is configured to generate a direct componentsignal, comprising direct signal components of the two or more audioinput signals, and wherein the decomposition module is configured togenerate a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals. The signal processoris configured to receive the direct component signal, the diffusecomponent signal and direction information, said direction informationdepending on a direction of arrival of the direct signal components ofthe two or more audio input signals. Moreover, the signal processor isconfigured to generate one or more processed diffuse signals dependingon the defuse component signal. For each audio output signal of the oneor more audio output signals, the signal processor is configured todetermine, depending on the direction of arrival, a direct gain, thesignal processor is configured to apply said direct gain on the directcomponent signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and the signalprocessor is configured to combine said processed direct signal and oneof the one or more processed diffuse signals to generate said audiooutput signal. The output interface is configured to output the one ormore audio output signals. The signal processor comprises a gainfunction computation module for calculating one or more gain functions,wherein each gain function of the one or more gain functions, comprisesa plurality of gain function argument values, wherein a gain functionreturn value is assigned to each of said gain function argument values,wherein, when said gain function receives one of said gain functionargument values, wherein said gain function is configured to return thegain function return value being assigned to said one of said gainfunction argument values. Moreover, the signal processor furthercomprises a signal modifier for selecting, depending on the direction ofarrival, a direction dependent argument value from the gain functionargument values of a gain function of the one or more gain functions,for obtaining the gain function return value being assigned to saiddirection dependent argument value from said gain function, and fordetermining the gain value of at least one of the one or more audiooutput signals depending on said gain function return value obtainedfrom said gain function.

According to an embodiment, the gain function computation module may,e.g., be configured to generate a lookup table for each gain function ofthe one or more gain functions, wherein the lookup table comprises aplurality of entries, wherein each of the entries of the lookup tablecomprises one of the gain function argument values and the gain functionreturn value being assigned to said gain function argument value,wherein the gain function computation module may, e.g., be configured tostore the lookup table of each gain function in persistent ornon-persistent memory, and wherein the signal modifier may, e.g., beconfigured to obtain the gain function return value being assigned tosaid direction dependent argument value by reading out said gainfunction return value from one of the one or more lookup tables beingstored in the memory.

In an embodiment, the signal processor may, e.g., be configured todetermine two or more audio output signals, wherein the gain functioncomputation module may, e.g., be configured to calculate two or moregain functions, wherein, for each audio output signal of the two or moreaudio output signals, the gain function computation module may, e.g., beconfigured to calculate a panning gain function being assigned to saidaudio output signal as one of the two or more gain functions, whereinthe signal modifier may, e.g., be configured to generate said audiooutput signal depending on said panning gain function.

According to an embodiment, the panning gain function of each of the twoor more audio output signals may, e.g., have one or more global maxima,being one of the gain function argument values of said panning gainfunction, wherein for each of the one or more global maxima of saidpanning gain function, no other gain function argument value exists forwhich said panning gain function returns a greater gain function returnvalue than for said global maxima, and wherein, for each pair of a firstaudio output signal and a second audio output signal of the two or moreaudio output signals, at least one of the one or more global maxima ofthe panning gain function of the first audio output signal may, e.g., bedifferent from any of the one or more global maxima of the panning gainfunction of the second audio output signal.

According to an embodiment, for each audio output signal of the two ormore audio output signals, the gain function computation module may,e.g., be configured to calculate a window gain function being assignedto said audio output signal as one of the two or more gain functions,wherein the signal modifier may, e.g., be configured to generate saidaudio output signal depending on said window gain function, and wherein,if the argument value of said window gain function is greater than alower window threshold and smaller than an upper window threshold, thewindow gain function is configured to return a gain function returnvalue being greater than any gain function return value returned by saidwindow gain function, if the window function argument value is smallerthan the lower threshold, or greater than the upper threshold.

In an embodiment, the window gain function of each of the two or moreaudio output signals has one or more global maxima, being one of thegain function argument values of said window gain function, wherein foreach of the one or more global maxima of said window gain function, noother gain function argument value exists for which said window gainfunction returns a greater gain function return value than for saidglobal maxima, and wherein, for each pair of a first audio output signaland a second audio output signal of the two or more audio outputsignals, at least one of the one or more global maxima of the windowgain function of the first audio output signal may, e.g., be equal toone of the one or more global maxima of the window gain function of thesecond audio output signal.

According to an embodiment, the gain function computation module may,e.g., be configured to further receive orientation informationindicating an angular shift of a look direction with respect to thedirection of arrival, and wherein the gain function computation modulemay, e.g., be configured to generate the panning gain function of eachof the audio output signals depending on the orientation information.

In an embodiment, the gain function computation module may, e.g., beconfigured to generate the window gain function of each of the audiooutput signals depending on the orientation information.

According to an embodiment, the gain function computation module may,e.g., be configured to further receive zoom information, wherein thezoom information indicates an opening angle of a camera, and wherein thegain function computation module may, e.g., be configured to generatethe panning gain function of each of the audio output signals dependingon the zoom information.

In an embodiment, the gain function computation module may, e.g., beconfigured to generate the window gain function of each of the audiooutput signals depending on the zoom information.

According to an embodiment, the gain function computation module may,e.g., be configured to further receive a calibration parameter foraligning a visual image and an acoustical image, and wherein the gainfunction computation module may, e.g., be configured to generate thepanning gain function of each of the audio output signals depending onthe calibration parameter.

In an embodiment, the gain function computation module may, e.g., beconfigured to generate the window gain function of each of the audiooutput signals depending on the calibration parameter.

A system according to one of the preceding claims, the gain functioncomputation module may, e.g., be configured to receive information on avisual image, and the gain function computation module may, e.g., beconfigured to generate, depending on the information on a visual image,a blurring function returning complex gains to realize perceptualspreading of a sound source.

Moreover, an apparatus for generating one or more audio output signalsis provided. The apparatus comprises a signal processor and an outputinterface. The signal processor is configured to receive a directcomponent signal, comprising direct signal components of the two or moreoriginal audio signals, wherein the signal processor is configured toreceive a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signal componentsof the two or more original audio signals, and wherein the signalprocessor is configured to receive direction information, said directioninformation depending on a direction of arrival of the direct signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals. Moreover, the signalprocessor is configured to generate one or more processed diffusesignals depending on the defuse component signal. For each audio outputsignal of the one or more audio output signals, the signal processor isconfigured to determine, depending on the direction of arrival, a directgain, the signal processor is configured to apply said direct gain onthe direct component signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and thesignal processor is configured to combine said processed direct signaland one of the one or more processed diffuse signals to generate saidaudio output signal. The output interface is configured to output theone or more audio output signals. The signal processor comprises a gainfunction computation module for calculating one or more gain functions,wherein each gain function of the one or more gain functions, comprisesa plurality of gain function argument values, wherein a gain functionreturn value is assigned to each of said gain function argument values,wherein, when said gain function receives one of said gain functionargument values, wherein said gain function is configured to return thegain function return value being assigned to said one of said gainfunction argument values. Moreover, the signal processor furthercomprises a signal modifier for selecting, depending on the direction ofarrival, a direction dependent argument value from the gain functionargument values of a gain function of the one or more gain functions,for obtaining the gain function return value being assigned to saiddirection dependent argument value from said gain function, and fordetermining the gain value of at least one of the one or more audiooutput signals depending on said gain function return value obtainedfrom said gain function.

Furthermore, a method for generating one or more audio output signals isprovided. The method comprises:

-   -   Receiving two or more audio input signals.    -   Generating a direct component signal, comprising direct signal        components of the two or more audio input signals.    -   Generating a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signal        components of the two or more audio input signals.    -   Receiving direction information depending on a direction of        arrival of the direct signal components of the two or more audio        input signals.    -   Generating one or more processed diffuse signals depending on        the defuse component signal.    -   For each audio output signal of the one or more audio output        signals, determining, depending on the direction of arrival, a        direct gain, applying said direct gain on the direct component        signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and combining said        processed direct signal and one of the one or more processed        diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal. And:    -   Outputting the one or more audio output signals.

Generating the one or more audio output signals comprises calculatingone or more gain functions, wherein each gain function of the one ormore gain functions, comprises a plurality of gain function argumentvalues, wherein a gain function return value is assigned to each of saidgain function argument values, wherein, when said gain function receivesone of said gain function argument values, wherein said gain function isconfigured to return the gain function return value being assigned tosaid one of said gain function argument values. Moreover, generating theone or more audio output signals comprises selecting, depending on thedirection of arrival, a direction dependent argument value from the gainfunction argument values of a gain function of the one or more gainfunctions, for obtaining the gain function return value being assignedto said direction dependent argument value from said gain function, andfor determining the gain value of at least one of the one or more audiooutput signals depending on said gain function return value obtainedfrom said gain function.

Moreover, a method for generating one or more audio output signals isprovided. The method comprises:

-   -   Receiving a direct component signal, comprising direct signal        components of the two or more original audio signals.    -   Receiving a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signal        components of the two or more original audio signals.    -   Receiving direction information, said direction information        depending on a direction of arrival of the direct signal        components of the two or more audio input signals.    -   Generating one or more processed diffuse signals depending on        the defuse component signal.    -   For each audio output signal of the one or more audio output        signals, determining, depending on the direction of arrival, a        direct gain, applying said direct gain on the direct component        signal to obtain a processed direct signal, and the combining        said processed direct signal and one of the one or more        processed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal.        And:    -   Outputting the one or more audio output signals.

Generating the one or more audio output signals comprises calculatingone or more gain functions, wherein each gain function of the one ormore gain functions, comprises a plurality of gain function argumentvalues, wherein a gain function return value is assigned to each of saidgain function argument values, wherein, when said gain function receivesone of said gain function argument values, wherein said gain function isconfigured to return the gain function return value being assigned tosaid one of said gain function argument values. Moreover, generating theone or more audio output signals comprises selecting, depending on thedirection of arrival, a direction dependent argument value from the gainfunction argument values of a gain function of the one or more gainfunctions, for obtaining the gain function return value being assignedto said direction dependent argument value from said gain function, andfor determining the gain value of at least one of the one or more audiooutput signals depending on said gain function return value obtainedfrom said gain function.

Moreover, computer programs are provided, wherein each of the computerprograms is configured to implement one of the above-described methodswhen being executed on a computer or signal processor, so that each ofthe above-described methods is implemented by one of the computerprograms.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following, embodiments of the present invention are described inmore detail with reference to the figures, in which:

FIG. 1a illustrates a system according to an embodiment,

FIG. 1b illustrates an apparatus according to an embodiment,

FIG. 1c illustrates a system according to another embodiment,

FIG. 1d illustrates an apparatus according to another embodiment,

FIG. 2 shows a system according to another embodiment,

FIG. 3 depicts modules for direct/diffuse decomposition and forparameter of a estimation of a system according to an embodiment,

FIG. 4 shows a first geometry for acoustic scene reproduction withacoustic zooming according to an embodiment, wherein a sound source islocated on a focal plane,

FIGS. 5a-5b illustrate panning functions for consistent scenereproduction and for acoustical zoom,

FIGS. 6a-6c depict further panning functions for consistent scenereproduction and for acoustical zoom according to embodiments,

FIGS. 7a-7c illustrate example window gain functions for varioussituations according to embodiments,

FIG. 8 shows a diffuse gain function according to an embodiment,

FIG. 9 depicts a second geometry for acoustic scene reproduction withacoustic zooming according to an embodiment, wherein a sound source isnot located on a focal plane,

FIGS. 10a-10c illustrate functions to explain the direct sound blurring,and

FIG. 11 visualizes hearing aids according to embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1a illustrates a system for generating one or more audio outputsignals is provided. The system comprises a decomposition module 101, asignal processor 105, and an output interface 106.

The decomposition module 101 is configured to generate a directcomponent signal X_(dir)(k, n), comprising direct signal components ofthe two or more audio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . , x_(p)(k,n). Moreover, the decomposition module 101 is configured to generate adiffuse component signal X_(diff)(k, n), comprising diffuse signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), .. . x_(p)(k, n).

The signal processor 105 is configured to receive the direct componentsignal X_(dir)(k, n), the diffuse component signal X_(diff)(k, n) anddirection information, said direction information depending on adirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n).

Moreover, the signal processor 105 is configured to generate one or moreprocessed diffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . ,Y_(diff,v)(k, n) depending on the defuse component signal X_(diff)(k,n).

For each audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n) of the one or more audio outputsignals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n), the signal processor105 is configured to determine, depending on the direction of arrival, adirect gain G_(i)(k, n), the signal processor 105 is configured to applysaid direct gain G_(i)(k, n) on the direct component signal X_(dir)(k,n) to obtain a processed direct signal Y_(dir,i)(k, n), and the signalprocessor 105 is configured to combine said processed direct signalY_(dir,i)(k, n) and one Y_(diff,i)(k, n) of the one or more processeddiffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . ,Y_(diff,v)(k, n) to generate said audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n).

The output interface 106 is configured to output the one or more audiooutput signals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n).

As outlined, the direction information depends on a direction of arrivalφ(k, n) of the direct signal components of the two or more audio inputsignals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n). For example, thedirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n) may, e.g.,itself be the direction information. Or, for example, the directioninformation, may, for example, be the propagation direction of thedirect signal components of the two or more audio input signals x₁(k,n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n). While the direction of arrival pointsfrom a receiving microphone array to a sound source, the propagationdirection points from the sound source to the receiving microphonearray. Thus, the propagation direction points in exactly the oppositedirection of the direction of arrival and therefore depends on thedirection of arrival.

To generate one Y_(i)(k, n) of the one or more audio output signalsY₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n), the signal processor 105

-   -   determines, depending on the direction of arrival, a direct gain        G_(i)(k, n),    -   apply said direct gain G_(i)(k, n) on the direct component        signal X_(dir)(k, n) to obtain a processed direct signal        Y_(dir,i)(k, n), and    -   combine said processed direct signal Y_(dir,i)(k, n) and one        Y_(diff,i)(k, n) of the one or more processed diffuse signals        Y_(diff,1)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . , Y_(diff,v)(k, n) to        generate said audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n)

This is done for each of the one or more audio output signals Y₁(k, n),Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n) that shall be generated Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k,n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n). The signal processor may, for example, beconfigured to generate one, two, three or more audio output signalsY₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n).

Regarding the one or more processed diffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n),Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . , Y_(diff,v)(k, n), according to an embodiment,the signal processor 105 may, for example, be configured to generate theone or more processed diffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k,n), . . . , Y_(diff,v)(k, n) by applying a diffuse gain Q(k, n) on thediffuse component signal X_(diff)(k, n).

The decomposition module 101 is configured may, e.g, generate the directcomponent signal X_(dir)(k, n), comprising the direct signal componentsof the two or more audio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . .x_(p)(k, n), and the diffuse component signal X_(diff)(k, n), comprisingdiffuse signal components of the two or more audio input signals x₁(k,n), x₂(k, n), . . . , x_(p)(k, n), by decomposing the one or more audioinput signals into the direct component signal and into the diffusecomponent signal.

In a particular embodiment, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to generate two or more audio output channels Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k,n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n). The signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to apply the diffuse gain Q(k, n) on the diffuse componentsignal X_(diff)(k, n) to obtain an intermediate diffuse signal.Moreover, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configured to generateone or more decorrelated signals from the intermediate diffuse signal byconducting decorrelation, wherein the one or more decorrelated signalsform the one or more processed diffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n),Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . , Y_(diff,v)(k, n), or wherein the intermediatediffuse signal and the one or more decorrelated signals form the one ormore processed diffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . ., Y_(diff,v)(k, n).

For example, the number of processed diffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n),Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . , Y_(diff,v)(k, n) and the number of audiooutput signals may, e.g., be equal Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k,n).

Generating the one or more decorrelated signals from the intermediatediffuse signal may, e.g, be conducted by applying delays on theintermediate diffuse signal, or, e.g., by convolving the intermediatediffuse signal with a noise burst, or, e.g., by convolving theintermediate diffuse signal with an impulse response, etc. Any otherstate of the art decorrelation technique may, e.g., alternatively oradditionally be applied.

For obtaining v audio output signals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . ,Y_(v)(k, n), v determinations of the v direct gains G₁(k, n), G₂(k, n),. . . , G_(v)(k, n) and v applications of the respective gain on the oneor more direct component signals X_(dir)(k, n) may, for example, beemployed to obtain the v audio output signals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . ., Y_(v)(k, n).

Only a single diffuse component signal X_(diff)(k, n), only onedetermination of a single diffuse gain Q(k, n) and only one applicationof the diffuse gain Q(k, n) on the diffuse component signal X_(diff)(k,n) may, e.g, be needed to obtain the v audio output signals Y₁(k, n),Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n). To achieve decorrelation, decorrelationtechniques may be applied only after the diffuse gain has already beenapplied on the diffuse component signal.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 1a , the same processed diffusesignal Y_(diff)(k, n) is then combined with the corresponding one(Y_(dir,i)(k, n)) of the processed direct signals to obtain thecorresponding one (Y_(i)(k, n)) of the audio output signals.

The embodiment of FIG. 1a takes the direction of arrival of the directsignal components of the two or more audio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k,n), . . . x_(p)(k, n) into account. Thus, the audio output signals Y₁(k,n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n) can be generated by flexibly adjustingthe direct component signals X_(dir)(k, n) and diffuse component signalsX_(diff)(k, n) depending on the direction of arrival. Advancedadaptation possibilities are achieved.

According to embodiments, the audio output signals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), .. . , Y_(v)(k, n) may, e.g., be determined for each time-frequency bin(k, n) of a time-frequency domain.

According to an embodiment, the decomposition module 101 may, e.g., beconfigured to receive two or more audio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k,n), . . . x_(p)(k, n). In another embodiment, the, decomposition module101 may, e.g., be configured to receive three or more audio inputsignals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n). The decomposition module101 may, e.g., be configured to decompose the two or more (or three ormore audio input signals) x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . , x_(p)(k, n) intothe diffuse component signal X_(diff)(k, n), which is not amulti-channel signal, and into the one or more direct component signalsX_(dir)(k, n). That an audio signal is not a multi-channel signal meansthat the audio signal does itself not comprise more than one audiochannel. Thus, the audio information of the plurality of audio inputsignals is transmitted within the two component signals (X_(dir)(k, n),X_(diff)(k, n)) (and possibly in additional side information), whichallows efficient transmission.

The signal processor 105, may, e.g., be configured to generate eachaudio output signal Y_(i)(k, n) of two or more audio output signalsY₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n) by determining the direct gainG_(i)(k, n) for said audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n), by applying saiddirect gain G_(i)(k, n) on the one or more direct component signalsX_(dir)(k, n) to obtain the processed direct signal Y_(dir,i)(k, n) forsaid audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n), and by combining said processeddirect signal Y_(dir,i)(k, n) for said audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n)and the processed diffuse signal Y_(diff)(k, n) to generate said audiooutput signal Y_(i)(k, n). The output interface 106 is configured tooutput the two or more audio output signals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . ,Y_(v)(k, n). Generating two or more audio output signals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k,n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n) by determining only a single processed diffusesignal Y_(diff)(k, n) is particularly advantageous.

FIG. 1b illustrates an apparatus for generating one or more audio outputsignals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n) according to anembodiment. The apparatus implements the so-called “far-end” side of thesystem of FIG. 1 a.

The apparatus of FIG. 1b comprises a signal processor 105, and an outputinterface 106.

The signal processor 105 is configured to receive a direct componentsignal X_(dir)(k, n), comprising direct signal components of the two ormore original audio signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n) (e.g.,the audio input signals of FIG. 1a ). Moreover, the signal processor 105is configured to receive a diffuse component signal X_(diff)(k, n),comprising diffuse signal components of the two or more original audiosignals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n). Furthermore, the signalprocessor 105 is configured to receive direction information, saiddirection information depending on a direction of arrival of the directsignal components of the two or more audio input signals.

The signal processor 105 is configured to generate one or more processeddiffuse signals Y_(diff,1)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . ,Y_(diff,v)(k, n) depending on the defuse component signal X_(diff)(k,n).

For each audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n) of the one or more audio outputsignals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n), the signal processor105 is configured to determine, depending on the direction of arrival, adirect gain G_(i)(k, n), the signal processor 105 is configured to applysaid direct gain G_(i)(k, n) on the direct component signal X_(dir)(k,n) to obtain a processed direct signal Y_(dir,i)(k, n), and the signalprocessor 105 is configured to combine said processed direct signalY_(dir,i)(k, n) and one Y_(diff,i)(k, n) of the one or more processeddiffuse signals Y_(diff,i)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . ,Y_(diff,v)(k, n) to generate said audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n).

The output interface 106 is configured to output the one or more audiooutput signals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n).

All configurations of the signal processor 105 described with referenceto the system in the following, may also be implemented in an apparatusaccording to FIG. 1b . This relates in particular to the variousconfigurations of signal modifier 103 and gain function computationmodule 104 which are described below. The same applies for the variousapplication examples of the concepts described below.

FIG. 1c illustrates a system according to another embodiment. In FIG. 1c, the signal generator 105 of FIG. 1a further comprises a gain functioncomputation module 104 for calculating one or more gain functions,wherein each gain function of the one or more gain functions, comprisesa plurality of gain function argument values, wherein a gain functionreturn value is assigned to each of said gain function argument values,wherein, when said gain function receives one of said gain functionargument values, wherein said gain function is configured to return thegain function return value being assigned to said one of said gainfunction argument values.

Furthermore, the signal processor 105 further comprises a signalmodifier 103 for selecting, depending on the direction of arrival, adirection dependent argument value from the gain function argumentvalues of a gain function of the one or more gain functions, forobtaining the gain function return value being assigned to saiddirection dependent argument value from said gain function, and fordetermining the gain value of at least one of the one or more audiooutput signals depending on said gain function return value obtainedfrom said gain function.

FIG. 1d illustrates a system according to another embodiment. In FIG. 1d, the signal generator 105 of FIG. 1b further comprises a gain functioncomputation module 104 for calculating one or more gain functions,wherein each gain function of the one or more gain functions, comprisesa plurality of gain function argument values, wherein a gain functionreturn value is assigned to each of said gain function argument values,wherein, when said gain function receives one of said gain functionargument values, wherein said gain function is configured to return thegain function return value being assigned to said one of said gainfunction argument values.

Furthermore, the signal processor 105 further comprises a signalmodifier 103 for selecting, depending on the direction of arrival, adirection dependent argument value from the gain function argumentvalues of a gain function of the one or more gain functions, forobtaining the gain function return value being assigned to saiddirection dependent argument value from said gain function, and fordetermining the gain value of at least one of the one or more audiooutput signals depending on said gain function return value obtainedfrom said gain function.

Embodiments provide recording and reproducing the spatial sound suchthat the acoustical image is consistent with a desired spatial image,which is determined for instance by a video which is complimenting theaudio at the far-end side. Some embodiments are based on recordings witha microphone array located in the reverberant near-end side. Embodimentsprovide, for example, an acoustical zoom which is consistent to thevisual zoom of a camera. For example, when zooming in, the direct soundof the speakers is reproduced from the direction where the speakerswould be located in the zoomed visual image, such that the visual andacoustical image are aligned. If the speakers are located outside thevisual image (or outside a desired spatial region) after zooming in, thedirect sound of these speakers can be attenuated, as these speakers arenot visible anymore, or, for example, as the direct sound from thesespeakers is not desired. Moreover, the direct-to-reverberation ratiomay, e.g., be increased when zooming in to mimic the smaller openingangle of the visual camera.

Embodiments are based on the concept to separate the recorded microphonesignals into the direct sound of the sound sources and the diffusesound, e.g., reverberant sound, by applying two recently multi-channelfilters at the near-end side. These multi-channel filters may, e.g., bebased on parametric information of the sound field, such as the DOA ofthe direct sound. In some embodiments, the separated direct sound anddiffuse sound may, e.g., be transmitted to the far-end side togetherwith the parametric information.

For example, at the far-end side, specific weights may, e.g., be appliedto the extracted direct sound and diffuse sound, which adjust thereproduced acoustical image such that the resulting audio output signalsare consistent with a desired spatial image. These weights model, forexample, the acoustical zoom effect and depend, for example, on thedirection of arrival (DOA) of the direct sound and, for example, on azooming factor and/or a look direction of a camera. The final audiooutput signals may, e.g., then be obtained by summing up the weighteddirect sound and diffuse sound.

The provided concepts realize an efficient usage in the aforementionedvideo recording scenario with consumer devices or in a teleconferencingscenario: For example, in the video recording scenario, it may, e.g., besufficient to store or transmit the extracted direct sound and diffusesound (instead of all microphone signals) while still being able tocontrol the recreated spatial image.

This means, if for instance a visual zoom is applied in apost-processing step (digital zoom), the acoustical image may still bemodified accordingly without the need to store and access the originalmicrophone signals. In the teleconferencing scenario, the proposedconcepts can also be used efficiently, since the direct and diffusesound extraction can be carried out at the near-end side while stillbeing able to control the spatial sound reproduction (e.g., changing theloudspeaker setup) at the far-end side and to align the acoustical andvisual image. Therefore, it is only necessitated to transmit only fewaudio signals and the estimated DOAs as side information, while thecomputational complexity at the far-end side is low.

FIG. 2 illustrates a system according to an embodiment. The near-endside comprises the modules 101 and 102. The far-end side comprises themodule 105 and 106. Module 105 itself comprises the modules 103 and 104.When reference is made to a near-end side and to a far-end side, it isunderstood that in some embodiments, a first apparatus may implement thenear-end side (for example, comprising the modules 101 and 102), and asecond apparatus may implement the far end side (for example, comprisingthe modules 103 and 104), while in other embodiments, a single apparatusimplements the near-end side as well as the far-end side, wherein such asingle apparatus, e.g., comprises the modules 101, 102, 103 and 104.

In particular, FIG. 2 illustrates a system according to an embodimentcomprising a decomposition module 101, a parameter estimation module102, a signal processor 105, and an output interface 106. In FIG. 2, thesignal processor 105 comprises a gain function computation module 104and a signal modifier 103. The signal processor 105 and the outputinterface 106 may, e.g., realize an apparatus as illustrated by FIG. 1b.

In FIG. 2, inter alia, the parameter estimation module 102 may, e.g., beconfigured to receive the two or more audio input signals x₁(k, n),x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n). Furthermore the parameter estimation module102 may, e.g., be configured to estimate the direction of arrival of thedirect signal components of the two or more audio input signals x₁(k,n), x₂(k, n), . . . x_(p)(k, n) depending on the two or more audio inputsignals. The signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configured to receivethe direction of arrival information comprising the direction of arrivalof the direct signal components of the two or more audio input signalsfrom the parameter estimation module 102.

The input of the system of FIG. 2 consists of M microphone signalsX_(1 . . . M)(k, n) in the time-frequency domain (frequency index k,time index n). It may, e.g., be assumed that the sound field, which iscaptured by the microphones, consists for each (k, n) of a plane wavepropagating in an isotropic diffuse field. The plane wave models thedirect sound of the sound sources (e.g., speakers) while the diffusesound models the reverberation.

According to such a model, the m-th microphone signal can be written asX _(m)(k,n)=X _(dir,m)(k,n)+X _(diff,m)(k,n)+X _(n,m)(k,n),  (1)where X_(dir,m)(k, n) is the measured direct sound (plane wave),X_(diff,m)(k, n) is the measured diffuse sound, and X_(n,m)(k, n) is anoise component (e.g., a microphone self-noise).

In decomposition module 101 in FIG. 2 (direct/diffuse decomposition),the direct sound X_(dir)(k, n) and diffuse sound X_(diff)(k, n) isextracted from the microphone signals. For this purpose, for example,informed multi-channel filters as described below may be employed. Forthe direct/diffuse decomposition, specific parametric information on thesound field may, e.g., be employed, for example, the DOA of the directsound φ(k, n). This parametric information may, e.g., be estimated fromthe microphone signals in the parameter estimation module 102. Besidesthe DOA φ(k, n) of the direct sound, in some embodiments, a distanceinformation r(k, n) may, e.g., be estimated. This distance informationmay, for example, describe the distance between the microphone array andthe sound source, which is emitting the plane wave. For the parameterestimation, distance estimators and/or state-of-the-art DOA estimators,may for example, be employed. Corresponding estimators may, e.g., bedescribed below.

The extracted direct sound X_(dir)(k, n), extracted diffuse soundX_(diff)(k, n), and estimated parametric information of the directsound, for example, DOA φ(k, n) and/or distance r(k, n), may, e.g., thenbe stored, transmitted to the far-end side, or immediately be used togenerate the spatial sound with the desired spatial image, for example,to create the acoustic zoom effect.

The desired acoustical image, for example, an acoustical zoom effect, isgenerated in the signal modifier 103 using the extracted direct soundX_(dir)(k, n), the extracted diffuse sound X_(diff)(k, n), and theestimated parametric information φ(k, n) and/or r(k, n).

The signal modifier 103 may, for example, compute one or more outputsignals Y_(i)(k, n) in the time-frequency domain which recreate theacoustical image such that it is consistent with the desired spatialimage. For example, the output signals Y_(i)(k, n) mimic the acousticalzoom effect. These signals can be finally transformed back into thetime-domain and played back, e.g., over loudspeakers or headphones. Thei-th output signal Y_(i)(k, n) is computed as a weighted sum of theextracted direct sound X_(dir)(k, n) and diffuse sound X_(diff)(k, n),e.g.,

$\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{Y_{i}\left( {k,n} \right)} = {{{G_{i}\left( {k,n} \right)}{X_{dir}\left( {k,n} \right)}} + {f_{i}\left\{ \underset{\underset{Y_{diff}{({k,n})}}{︸}}{{QX}_{diff}\left( {k,n} \right)} \right\}}}} \\{= {{Y_{{dir},i}\left( {k,n} \right)} + {{Y_{{diff},i}\left( {k,n} \right)}.\mspace{14mu}\left( {2b} \right)}}}\end{matrix} & \left( {2a} \right)\end{matrix}$In formulae (2a) and (2b), the weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q are parametersthat are used to create the desired acoustical image, e.g., theacoustical zoom effect. For example, when zooming in, the parameter Qcan be reduced such that the reproduced diffuse sound is attenuated.

Moreover, with the weights G_(i)(k, n) it can be controlled from whichdirection the direct sound is reproduced such that the visual andacoustical image is aligned. Moreover, an acoustical blurring effect canbe aligned to the direct sound.

In some embodiments, the weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q may, e.g., bedetermined in gain selection units 201 and 202. These units may, e.g.,select the appropriate weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q from two gainfunctions, denoted by g_(i) and q, depending on the estimated parametricinformation φ(k, n) and r(k, n). Expressed mathematically,G _(i)(k,n)=g _(i)(φ,r),  (3a)Q(k,n)=q(r).  (3b)

In some embodiments, the gain functions g_(i) and q may depend on theapplication and may, for example, be generated in gain functioncomputation module 104. The gain functions describe which weightsG_(i)(k, n) and Q should be used in (2a) for a given parametricinformation φ(k, n) and/or r(k, n) such that the desired consistentspatial image are obtained.

For example, when zooming in with the visual camera, the gain functionsare adjusted such that the sound is reproduced from the directions wherethe sources are visible in the video. The weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q andunderlying gain functions g_(i) and q are further described below. Itshould be noted that the weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q and underlying gainfunctions g_(i) and q may, e.g., be complex-valued. Computing the gainfunctions necessitates information such as the zooming factor, width ofthe visual image, desired look direction, and loudspeaker setup.

In other embodiments, the weights are G_(i)(k, n) and Q are directlycomputed within the signal modifier 103, instead of at first computingthe gain functions in module 104 and then selecting the weights G_(i)(k,n) and Q from the computed gain functions in the gain selection units201 and 202.

According to embodiments, more than one plane wave per time-frequencymay, e.g., be specifically processed. For example, two or more planewaves in the same frequency band from two different directions may,e.g., arrive be recorded by a microphone array at the samepoint-in-time. These two plane waves may each have a different directionof arrival. In such scenarios, the direct signal components of the twoor more plane waves and their direction of arrivals may, e.g., beseparately considered.

According to embodiments, the direct component signal X_(dir1)(k, n) andone or more further direct component signals X_(dir2)(k, n), . . . ,X_(dir q)(k, n) may, e.g, form a group of two or more direct componentsignals X_(dir1)(k, n), X_(dir2)(k, n), . . . , X_(dir q)(k, n), whereinthe decomposition module 101 may, e.g., be configured is configured togenerate the one or more further direct component signals X_(dir2)(k,n), . . . , X_(dir q)(k, n) comprising further direct signal componentsof the two or more audio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k, n), . . . ,x_(p)(k, n).

The direction of arrival and one or more further direction of arrivalsform a group of two or more direction of arrivals, wherein eachdirection of arrival of the group of the two or more direction ofarrivals is assigned to exactly one direct component signal X_(dir j)(k,n) of the group of the two or more direct component signals X_(dir1)(k,X_(dir2)(k, n), . . . , X_(dir q,m)(k, n), wherein the number of thedirect component signals of the two or more direct component signals andthe number of the direction of arrivals of the two direction of arrivalsis equal.

The signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configured to receive the groupof the two or more direct component signals X_(dir1)(k, n), X_(dir2)(k,n), . . . , X_(dir q)(k, n), and the group of the two or more directionof arrivals.

For each audio output signal Y_(i)(k, n) of the one or more audio outputsignals Y₁(k, n), Y₂(k, n), . . . , Y_(v)(k, n),

-   -   The signal processor 105 may, e.g, be configured to determine,        for each direct component signal X_(dir j)(k, n) of the group of        the two or more direct component signals X_(dir1)(k, X_(dir2)(k,        n), . . . , X_(dir q)(k, n), a direct gain G_(j,i)(k, n)        depending on the direction of arrival of said direct component        signal X_(dir j)(k, n),    -   The signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configured to generate a        group of two or more processed direct signals Y_(dir1,i)(k, n),        Y_(dir2,i)(k, n), . . . , Y_(dir q,i)(k, n) by applying, for        each direct component signal X_(dir j)(k, n) of the group of the        two or more direct component signals X_(dir1)(k, n), X_(dir2)(k,        n), . . . , X_(dir q)(k, n), the direct gain G_(j,i)(k, n) of        said direct component signal X_(dir j)(k, n) on said direct        component signal X_(dir j)(k, n). And:    -   The signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configured to combine one        Y_(diff,i)(k, n) of the one or more processed diffuse signals        Y_(diff,i)(k, n), Y_(diff,2)(k, n), . . . , Y_(diff,v)(k, n) and        each processed signal Y_(dir j,i)(k, n) of the group of the two        or more processed signals Y_(dir1,i)(k, n), Y_(dir2,i)(k, n), .        . . , Y_(dir q,i)(k, n) to generate said audio output signal        Y_(i)(k, n).

Thus, if two or more plane waves are separately considered, the model offormula (1) becomes:X _(m)(k,n)=X _(dir1,m)(k,n)+X _(dir2,m)(k,n)+ . . . +X_(dir q,m)(k,n)+X _(diff,m)(k,n)+X _(n,m)(k,n)and the weights may, e.g., be computed analogously to formulae (2a) and(2b) according to:

$\begin{matrix}{{Y_{i}\left( {k,n} \right)} = {{{G_{1,i}\left( {k,n} \right)}{X_{{dir}\; 1}\left( {k,n} \right)}} + {{G_{2,i}\left( {k,n} \right)}{X_{{dir}\; 2}\left( {k,n} \right)}} + \ldots +}} \\{{{G_{q,i}\left( {k,n} \right)}{X_{dirq}\left( {k,n} \right)}} + {{QX}_{{diff},m}\left( {k,n} \right)}} \\{= {{Y_{{{dir}\; 1},i}\left( {k,n} \right)} + {Y_{{{dir}\; 2},i}\left( {k,n} \right)} + \ldots + {Y_{{{dir}\; q},i}\left( {k,n} \right)} + {Y_{{diff},i}\left( {k,n} \right)}}}\end{matrix}$

It is sufficient that only a few direct component signals, a diffusecomponent signal and side information is transmitted from a near-endside to a far-end side. In an embodiment, the number of the directcomponent signal(s) of the group of the two or more direct componentsignals X_(dir1)(k, n), X_(dir2)(k, n), . . . , X_(dir q)(k, n) plus 1is smaller than the number of the audio input signals x₁(k, n), x₂(k,n), . . . , x_(p)(k, n) being received by the receiving interface 101.(using the indices: q+1<p) “plus 1” represents the diffuse componentsignal X_(diff)(k, n) that is needed.

When in the following, explanations are provided with respect to asingle plane wave, to a single direction of arrival and to a singledirect component signal, it is to be understood that the explainedconcepts are equally applicable to more than one plane wave, more thanone direction of arrival and more than one direct component signal.

In the following, direct and diffuse Sound Extraction is described.Practical realizations of the decomposition module 101 of FIG. 2, whichrealizes the direct/diffuse decomposition, are provided.

In embodiments, to realize the consistent spatial sound reproduction,the output of two recently proposed informed linearly constrainedminimum variance (LCMV) filters described in [8] and [9] are combined,which enable an accurate multi-channel extraction of direct sound anddiffuse sound with a desired arbitrary response assuming a similar soundfield model as in DirAC (Directional Audio Coding). A specific way ofcombining these filters according to an embodiment is now described inthe following:

At first, direct sound extraction according to an embodiment isdescribed.

The direct sound is extracted using the recently proposed informedspatial filter described in [8]. This filter is briefly reviewed in thefollowing and then formulated such that it can be used in embodimentsaccording to FIG. 2.

The estimated desired direct signal Ŷ_(dir,i)(k,n) for the i-thloudspeaker channel in (2b) and FIG. 2 is computed by applying a linearmulti-channel filter to the microphone signals, e.g.,Ŷ _(dir,i)(k,n)=w _(dir,i) ^(H)(k,n)×(k,n),  (4)where the vector x(k, n)=[X₁(k, n), . . . , X_(M)(k, n)]^(T) comprisesthe M microphone signals and w_(dir,i) is a complex-valued weightvector. Here, the filter weights minimize the noise and diffuse soundcomprised by the microphones while capturing the direct sound with thedesired gain G_(i)(k, n). Expressed mathematically, the weights, may,e.g., be computed as

$\begin{matrix}{{w_{{dir},i}\left( {k,n} \right)} = {\underset{w}{\arg\;\min}\mspace{11mu} w^{H}{\Phi_{u}\left( {k,n} \right)}w}} & (5)\end{matrix}$subject to the linear constraintw ^(H) a(k,φ)=G _(i)(k,n).  (6)

Here, a(k, φ) is the so-called array propagation vector. The m-thelement of this vector is the relative transfer function of the directsound between the m-th microphone and a reference microphone of thearray (without loss of generality the first microphone at position d₁ isused in the following description). This vector depends on the DOA φ(k,n) of the direct sound.

The array propagation vector is, for example, defined in [8]. In formula(6) of document [8], the array propagation vector is defined accordingtoa(k,φ _(l))=[a ₁(k,φ _(l)) . . . a _(M)(k,φ _(l))]^(T),wherein φ_(l) is an azimuth angle of a direction of arrival of an l-thplane wave. Thus, the array propagation vector depends on the directionof arrival. If only one plane wave exists or is considered, index l maybe omitted.

According to formula (6) of [8], the i-th element a_(i) of the arraypropagation vector a describes the phase shift of an l-th plane wavefrom a first to an i-th microphone is defined according toa _(i)(k,φ _(l))=exp{

κr _(i) sin φ_(l)(k,n)}

E.g., r_(i) is equal to a distance between the first and the i-thmicrophone, κ indicates the wavenumber of the plane wave and

is the imaginary number.

More information on the array propagation vector a and its elementsa_(i) can be found in [8] which is explicitly incorporated herein byreference.

The M×M matrix Φ_(u)(k, n) in (5) is the power spectral density (PSD)matrix of the noise and diffuse sound, which can be determined asexplained in [8]. The solution to (5) is given byw _(dir,i)(k,n)=h _(dir)(k,n)G _(i)*(k,n),  (7)whereh _(dir)(k,n)=Φ_(u) ⁻¹(k,n)a(k,φ)[a ^(H)(k,φ)Φ_(u) ⁻¹ a(k,φ)]⁻¹.  (8)

Computing the filter necessitates the array propagation vector a(k, φ),which can be determined after the DOA φ(k, n) of the direct sound wasestimated [8]. As explained above, the array propagation vector and thusthe filter depends on the DOA. The DOA can be estimated as explainedbelow.

The informed spatial filter proposed in [8], e.g., the direct soundextraction using (4) and (7), cannot be directly used in the embodimentin FIG. 2. In fact, the computation necessitates the microphone signalsx(k, n) as wells as the direct sound gain G_(i)(k, n). As can be seen inFIG. 2, the microphone signals x(k, n) are only available at thenear-end side while the direct sound gain G_(i)(k, n) is only availableat the far-end side.

In order to use the informed spatial filter in embodiments of theinvention, a modification is provided, wherein we substitute (7) into(4), leading toŶ _(dir,i)(k,n)=G _(i)(k,n){circumflex over (X)} _(dir)(k,n),  (9)where{circumflex over (X)} _(dir)(k,n)=h _(dir) ^(H)(k,n)x(k,n).  (10)

This modified filter h_(dir)(k, n) is independent from the weightsG_(i)(k, n). Thus, the filter can be applied at the near-end side toobtain the direct sound {circumflex over (X)}_(dir)(k,n), which can thenbe transmitted to the far-end side together with the estimated DOAs (anddistance) as side information to provide a full control over thereproduction of the direct sound. The direct sound {circumflex over(X)}_(dir) (k,n) may be determined with respect to a referencemicrophone at a position d₁. Therefore, one might also relate to thedirect sound components as {circumflex over (X)}_(dir) (k,n,d₁), andthus:{circumflex over (X)} _(dir)(k,n,d ₁)=h _(dir) ^(H)(k,n)x(k,n).  (10a)

So according to an embodiment, the decomposition module 101 may, e.g.,be configured to generate the direct component signal by applying afilter on the two or more audio input signals according to{circumflex over (X)} _(dir)(k,n)=h _(dir) ^(H)(k,n)x(k,n),wherein k indicates frequency, and wherein n indicates time, wherein{circumflex over (X)}_(dir)(k,n) indicates the direct component signal,wherein x(k, n) indicates the two or more audio input signals, whereinh_(dir)(k, n) indicates the filter, withh _(dir)(k,n)=Φ_(u) ⁻¹(k,n)a(k,φ)[a ^(H)(k,φ)Φ_(u) ⁻¹ a(k,φ)]⁻¹.wherein Φ_(u)(k, n) indicates a power spectral density matrix of thenoise and diffuse sound of the two or more audio input signals, whereina(k, φ) indicates an array propagation vector, and wherein φ indicatesthe azimuth angle of the direction of arrival of the direct signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals.

FIG. 3 illustrates parameter estimation module 102 and a decompositionmodule 101 implementing direct/diffuse decomposition according to anembodiment.

The embodiment illustrated by FIG. 3 realizes direct sound extraction bydirect sound extraction module 203 and diffuse sound extraction bydiffuse sound extraction module 204.

The direct sound extraction is carried out in direct sound extractionmodule 203 by applying the filter weights to the microphone signals asgiven in (10). The direct filter weights are computed in direct weightscomputation unit 301 which can be realized for instance with (8). Thegains G_(i)(k, n) of, e.g., equation (9), are then applied at thefar-end side as shown in FIG. 2.

In the following, diffuse sound extraction is described. Diffuse soundextraction may, e.g., be implemented by diffuse sound extraction module204 of FIG. 3. The diffuse filter weights are computed in diffuseweights computation unit 302 of FIG. 3, e.g., as described in thefollowing.

In embodiments, the diffuse sound may, e.g., be extracted using thespatial filter which was recently proposed in [9]. The diffuse soundX_(diff)(k, n) in (2a) and FIG. 2 may, e.g., be estimated by applying asecond spatial filter to the microphone signals, e.g.,{circumflex over (X)} _(diff)(k,n)=h _(diff) ^(H)(k,n)x(k,n).  (11)

To find the optimal filter for the diffuse sound h_(diff)(k, n), weconsider the recently proposed filter in [9], which can extract thediffuse sound with a desired arbitrary response while minimizing thenoise at the filter output. For spatially white noise, the filter isgiven by

$\begin{matrix}{{h_{diff}\left( {k,n} \right)} = {\underset{h}{\arg\;\min}\mspace{11mu} h^{H}h}} & (12)\end{matrix}$subject to h^(H)a(k, φ)=0 and h^(H)γ₁(k)=1. The first linear constraintensures that the direct sound is suppressed, while the second constraintensures that on average, the diffuse sound is captured with the desiredgain Q, see document [9]. Note that γ₁(k) is the diffuse sound coherencevector defined in [9]. The solution to (12) is given byh _(diff)(k,n)=Λγ_(diff)(k)[γ_(diff) ^(H)(k)Λγ_(diff)(k)]⁻¹,  (13)whereΛ(k,φ)=I−a(k,φ)[a ^(H)(k,φ)a(k,φ)]⁻¹ a ^(H)(k,φ)  (14)with I being the identity matrix of size M×M. The filter h_(diff)(k, n)does not dependent on the weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q, and thus, it can becomputed and applied at the near-end side to obtain {circumflex over(X)}_(diff)(k,n). In doing so, it is only needed to transmit a singleaudio signal to the far-end side, namely {circumflex over(X)}_(diff)(k,n), while still being able to fully control the spatialsound reproduction of the diffuse sound.

FIG. 3 moreover illustrates the diffuse sound extraction according to anembodiment. The diffuse sound extraction is carried out in diffuse soundextraction module 204 by applying the filter weights to the microphonesignals as given in formula (11). The filter weights are computed indiffuse weights computation unit 302 which can be realized for example,by employing formula (13).

In the following, parameter estimation is described. Parameterestimation may, e.g., be conducted by parameter estimation module 102,in which the parametric information about the recorded sound scene may,e.g., be estimated. This parametric information is employed forcomputing two spatial filters in the decomposition module 101 and forthe gain selection in consistent spatial audio reproduction in thesignal modifier 103.

At first, determination/estimation of DOA information is described.

In the following embodiments are described, wherein the parameterestimation module (102) comprises a DOA estimator for the direct sound,e.g., for the plane wave that originates from the sound source positionand arrives at the microphone array. Without the loss of generality, itis assumed that a single plane wave exists for each time and frequency.Other embodiments consider cases where multiple plane waves exists, andextending the single plane wave concepts described here to multipleplane waves is straightforward. Therefore, the present invention alsocovers embodiments with multiple plane waves.

The narrowband DOAs can be estimated from the microphone signals usingone of the state-of-the-art narrowband DOA estimators, such as ESPRIT[10] or root MUSIC [11]. Instead of the azimuth angle φ(k, n), the DOAinformation can also be provided in the form of the spatial frequencyμ[k|φ(k, n)], the phase shift, or the propagation vector a[k|φ(k, n)]for one or more waves arriving at the microphone array. It should benoted that the DOA information can also be provided externally. Forexample, the DOA of the plane wave can be determined by a video cameratogether with a face recognition algorithm assuming that human talkersform the acoustic scene.

Finally, it should be noted that the DOA information can also beestimated in 3D (in three dimensions). In that case, both the azimuthφ(k, n) and elevation ∂(k, n) angles are estimated in the parameterestimation module 102 and the DOA of the plane wave is in such a caseprovided, for example, as (φ, ∂).

Thus, when reference is made below to the azimuth angle of the DOA, itis understood that all explanations are also applicable to the elevationangle of the DOA, to an angle or derived from the azimuth angle of theDOA, to an angle or derived from the elevation angle of the DOA or to anangle derived from the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the DOA.In more general, all explanations provided below are equally applicableto any angle depending on the DOA.

Now, distance information determination/estimation is described.

Some embodiments relate top acoustic zoom based on DOAs and distances.In such embodiments, the parameter estimation module 102 may, forexample, comprise two sub-modules, e.g., the DOA estimator sub-moduledescribed above and a distance estimation sub-module that estimates thedistance from the recording position to the sound source r(k, n). Insuch embodiments, it may, for example, be assumed that each plane wavethat arrives at the recording microphone array originates from the soundsource and propagates along a straight line to the array (which is alsoknown as the direct propagation path).

Several state-of-the-art approaches exist for distance estimation usingmicrophone signals. For example, the distance to the source can be foundby computing the power ratios between the microphones signals asdescribed in [12]. Alternatively, the distance to the source r(k, n) inacoustic enclosures (e.g., rooms) can be computed based on the estimatedsignal-to-diffuse ratio (SDR) [13]. The SDR estimates can then becombined with the reverberation time of a room (known or estimated usingstate-of-the-art methods) to calculate the distance. For high SDR, thedirect sound energy is high compared to the diffuse sound whichindicates that the distance to the source is small. When the SDR valueis low, the direct sound power is week in comparison to the roomreverberation, which indicates a large distance to the source.

In other embodiments, instead of calculating/estimating the distance byemploying a distance computation module in the parameter estimationmodule 102, external distance information may, e.g., be received, forexample, from the visual system. For example, state-of-the-arttechniques used in vision may, e.g., be employed that can provide thedistance information, for example, Time of Flight (ToF), stereoscopicvision, and structured light. For example, in the ToF cameras, thedistance to the source can be computed from the measured time-of-flightof a light signal emitted by a camera and traveling to the source andback to the camera sensor. Computer stereo vision for example, utilizestwo vantage points from which the visual image is captured to computethe distance to the source.

Or, for example, structured light cameras may be employed, where a knownpattern of pixels is projected on a visual scene. The analysis ofdeformations after the projection allows the visual system to estimatethe distance to the source. It should be noted that the distanceinformation r(k, n) for each time-frequency bin is necessitated forconsistent audio scene reproduction. If the distance information isprovided externally by a visual system, the distance to the source r(k,n) that corresponds to the DOA φ(k, n), may, for example, be selected asthe distance value from the visual system that corresponds to thatparticular direction φ(k, n).

In the following, consistent acoustic scene reproduction is considered.At first, acoustic scene reproduction based on DOAs is considered.

Acoustic scene reproduction may be conducted such that it is consistentwith the recorded acoustic scene. Or, acoustic scene reproduction may beconducted such that it is consistent to a visual image. Correspondingvisual information may be provided to achieve consistency with a visualimage.

Consistency may, for example, be achieved by adjust the weights G_(i)(k,n) and Q in (2a). According to embodiments, the signal modifier 103,which may, for example, exist, at the near-end side, or, as shown inFIG. 2, at the far-end side, may, e.g., receive the direct {circumflexover (X)}_(dir)(k,n) and diffuse {circumflex over (X)}_(diff)(k,n)sounds as input, together with the DOA estimates φ(k, n) as sideinformation. Based on this received information, the output signalsY_(i)(k, n) for an available reproduction system may, e.g., begenerated, for example, according to formula (2a).

In some embodiments, the parameters G_(i)(k, n) and Q are selected inthe gain selection units 201 and 202, respectively, from two gainfunctions g_(i)(φ(k, n)) and q(k, n) provided by the gain functioncomputation module 104.

According to an embodiment, G_(i)(k, n) may, for example, be selectedbased the DOA information only and Q may, for example, have a constantvalue. In other embodiments, however, other the weight G_(i)(k, n) may,for example, be determined based on further information, and the weightQ may, for example, be variably determined.

At first, implementations are considered, that realize consistency withthe recorded acoustic scene. Afterwards, embodiments are considered thatrealize consistency with image information/with a visual image isconsidered.

In the following, a computation of the weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q isdescribed to reproduce an acoustic scene that is consistent with therecorded acoustic scene, e.g., such that the listener positioned in asweet spot of the reproduction system perceives the sound sources asarriving from the DOAs of the sound sources in the recorded sound scene,having the same power as in the recorded scene, and reproducing the sameperception of the surrounding diffuse sound.

For a known loudspeaker setup, reproduction of the sound source fromdirection φ(k, n) may, for example, be achieved by selecting the directsound gain G_(i)(k, n) in gain selection unit 201 (“Direct GainSelection”) from a fixed look-up table provided by gain functioncomputation module 104 for the estimated DOA φ(k, n), which can bewritten asG _(i)(k,n)=g _(i)(φ(k,n)),  (15)where g_(i)(φ)=p_(i)(φ) is a function returning the panning gain acrossall DOAs for the i-th loudspeaker. The panning gain function p_(i)(φ)depends on the loudspeaker setup and the panning scheme.

An example of the panning gain function p_(i)(φ) as defined by vectorbase amplitude panning (VBAP) [14] for the left and right loudspeaker instereo reproduction is shown in FIG. 5 a.

In FIG. 5a , an example of a VBAP panning gain function p_(b,i) for astereo setup is illustrated, and in FIG. 5b and panning gains forconsistent reproduction is illustrated.

For example, if the direct sound arrives from φ(k, n)=30°, the rightloudspeaker gain is G_(r)(k, n)=g_(r)(30°)=p_(r)(30°)=1 and the leftloudspeaker gain is G_(l)(k, n)=g_(l)(30°)=p_(l)(30°)=0. For the directsound arriving from φ(k, n)=0°, the final stereo loudspeaker gains areG_(r)(k, n)=G_(l)=√{square root over (0.5)}.

In an embodiment, the panning gain function, e.g., p_(i)(φ), may, e.g.,be a head-related transfer function (HRTF) in case of binaural soundreproduction.

For example, if the HRTF g_(i)(φ)=p_(i)(φ) returns complex values thenthe direct sound gain G_(i)(k, n) selected in gain selection unit 201may, e.g., be complex-valued.

If three or more audio output signals shall be generated, correspondingstate-of-the-art panning concepts may, e.g., be employed to pan an inputsignal to the three or more audio output signals. For example, VBAP forthree or more audio output signals may be employed.

In consistent acoustic scene reproduction, the power of the diffusesound should remain the same as in the recorded scene. Therefore, forthe loudspeaker system with e.g. equally spaced loudspeakers, thediffuse sound gain has a constant value:

$\begin{matrix}{{Q = {q_{i} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{I}}}},} & (16)\end{matrix}$where I is the number of the output loudspeaker channels. This meansthat gain function computation module 104 provides a single output valuefor the i-th loudspeaker (or headphone channel) depending on the numberof loudspeakers available for reproduction, and this values is used asthe diffuse gain Q across all frequencies. The final diffuse soundY_(diff,i)(k, n) for the i-th loudspeaker channel is obtained bydecorrelating Y_(diff)(k, n) obtained in (2b).

Thus, acoustic scene reproduction that is consistent with the recordedacoustical scene may be achieved, for example, by determining gains foreach of the audio output signals depending on, e.g., a direction ofarrival, by applying the plurality of determined gains G_(i)(k, n) onthe direct sound signal {circumflex over (X)}_(dir)(k n) to determine aplurality of direct output signal components Ŷ_(dir,i)(k,n), by applyingthe determined gain Q on the diffuse sound signal {circumflex over(X)}_(diff)(k,n) to obtain a diffuse output signal component Ŷ_(diff)(k,n) and by combining each of the plurality of direct output signalcomponents Ŷ_(diff,i)(k,n) with the diffuse output signal componentŶ_(diff)(k, n) to obtain the one or more audio output signals Y_(i)(k,n).

Now, audio output signal generation according to embodiments isdescribed that achieves consistency with the visual scene. Inparticular, the computation of the weights G_(i)(k, n) and Q accordingto embodiments is described that are employed to reproduce an acousticscene that is consistent with the visual scene. It is aimed to recreatean acoustical image in which the direct sound from a source isreproduced from the direction where the source is visible in avideo/image.

A geometry as depicted in FIG. 4 may be considered, where l correspondsto the look direction of the visual camera. Without loss of generality,we l may define the y-axis of the coordinate system.

The azimuth of the DOA of the direct sound in the depicted (x, y)coordinate system is given by φ(k, n) and the location of the source onthe x-axis is given by x_(g)(k, n). Here, it is assumed that all soundsources are located at the same distance g to the x-axis, e.g., thesource positions are located on the left dashed line, which is referredto in optics as a focal plane. It should be noted that this assumptionis only made to ensure that the visual and acoustical images are alignedand the actual distance value g is not needed for the presentedprocessing.

On the reproduction side (far-end side), the display is located at b andthe position of the source on the display is given by x_(b)(k, n).Moreover, x_(d) is the display size (or, in some embodiments, forexample, x_(d) indicates half of the display size), φ_(d) is thecorresponding maximum visual angle, S is the sweet spot of the soundreproduction system, and φ_(b)(k, n) is the angle from which the directsound should be reproduced so that the visual and acoustical images arealigned. φ_(b)(k, n) depends on x_(b)(k, n) and on the distance betweenthe sweet spot S and the display located at b. Moreover, x_(b)(k, n)depends on several parameters such as the distance g of the source fromthe camera, the image sensor size, and the display size x_(d).Unfortunately, at least some of these parameters are often unknown inpractice such that x_(b)(k, n) and φ_(b)(k, n) cannot be determined fora given DOA φ_(g)(k, n). However, assuming the optical system is linear,according to formula (17):tan φ_(b)(k,n)=c tan φ(k,n),  (17)where c is an unknown constant compensating for the aforementionedunknown parameters. It should be noted that c is constant only if allsource positions have the same distance g to the x-axis.

In the following, c is assumed to be a calibration parameter whichshould be adjusted during the calibration stage until the visual andacoustical images are consistent. To perform calibration, the soundsources should be positioned on a focal plane and the value of c isfound such that the visual and acoustical images are aligned. Oncecalibrated, the value of c remains unchanged and the angle from whichthe direct sound should be reproduced is given byφ_(b)(k,n)=tan⁻¹ [c tan φ(k,n)].  (18)

To ensure that both acoustic and visual scenes are consistent, theoriginal panning function p_(i)(φ) is modified to a consistent(modified) panning function p_(b,i)(φ). The direct sound gain G_(i)(k,n) is now selected according toG _(i)(k,n)=g _(i)(φ(k,n)),  (19)g _(i)(φ)=p _(b,i)(φ),  (20)where p_(b,i)(φ) is the consistent panning function returning thepanning gains for the i-th loudspeaker across all possible source DOAs.For a fixed value of c, such a consistent panning function is computedin the gain function computation module 104 from the original (e.g.VBAP) panning gain table asp _(b,i)(φ)=p _(i)(tan⁻¹ [c tan φ]).  (21)

Thus, in embodiments, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configuredto determine, for each audio output signal of the one or more audiooutput signals, such that the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) is definedaccording toG _(i)(k,n)=p _(i)(tan⁻¹ [c tan(φ(k,n))]).wherein i indicates an index of said audio output signal, wherein kindicates frequency, and wherein n indicates time, wherein G_(i)(k, n)indicates the direct gain, wherein φ(k, n) indicates an angle dependingon the direction of arrival (e.g., the azimuth angle of the direction ofarrival), wherein c indicates a constant value, and wherein p_(i)indicates a panning function.

In embodiments, the direct sound gain G_(i)(k, n) is selected in gainselection unit 201 based on the estimated DOA φ(k, n) from a fixedlook-up table provided by the gain function computation module 104,which is computed once (after the calibration stage) using (19).

Thus, according to an embodiment, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to obtain, for each audio output signal of the one or moreaudio output signals, the direct gain for said audio output signal froma lookup table depending on the direction of arrival.

In an embodiment, the signal processor 105 calculates a lookup table forthe direct gain function g_(i)(k, n). For example, for every possiblefull degree, e.g., 1°, 2°, 3°, . . . , for the azimuth value φ of theDOA, the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) may be computed and stored in advance.Then, when a current azimuth value φ of the direction of arrival isreceived, the signal processor 105 reads the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) forthe current azimuth value φ from the lookup table. (The current azimuthvalue φ, may, e.g., be the lookup table argument value; and the directgain G_(i)(k, n) may, e.g., be the lookup table return value). Insteadof the azimuth φ of the DOA, in other embodiments, the lookup table maybe computed for any angle depending on the direction of arrival. Thishas an advantage, that the gain value does not always have to becalculated for every point-in-time, or for every time-frequency bin, butinstead, the lookup table is calculated once and then, for a receivedangle φ, the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) is read from the lookup table.

Thus, according to an embodiment, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to calculate a lookup table, wherein the lookup tablecomprises a plurality of entries, wherein each of the entries comprisesa lookup table argument value and a lookup table return value beingassigned to said argument value. The signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to obtain one of the lookup table return values from thelookup table by selecting one of the lookup table argument values of thelookup table depending on the direction of arrival. Furthermore, thesignal processor 105 may, e.g., be configured to determine the gainvalue for at least one of the one or more audio output signals dependingsaid one of the lookup table return values obtained from the lookuptable.

The signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configured to obtain another oneof the lookup table return values from the (same) lookup table byselecting another one of the lookup table argument values depending onanother direction of arrival to determine another gain value. E.g., thesignal processor may, for example, receive further directioninformation, e.g., at a later point-in-time, which depends on saidfurther direction of arrival.

An example of VBAP panning and consistent panning gain functions areshown in FIGS. 5a and 5 b.

It should be noted that instead of recomputing the panning gain tables,one could alternatively calculate the DOA φ_(b)(k, n) for the displayand apply it in the original panning function as φ_(i)(φ_(b)(k, n)).This is true since the following relation holds:p _(b,i)(φ(k,n))=p _(i)(φ_(b)(k,n)).  (22)

However, this would necessitate the gain function computation module 104to also receive the estimated DOAs φ(k, n) as input and the DOArecalculation, for example, conducted according to formula (18), wouldthen be performed for each time index n.

Concerning the diffuse sound reproduction, the acoustical and visualimages are consistently recreated when processed in the same way asexplained for the case without the visuals, e.g., when the power of thediffuse sound remains the same as the diffuse power in the recordedscene and the loudspeaker signals are uncorrelated versions ofY_(diff)(k, n). For equally spaced loudspeakers, the diffuse sound gainhas a constant value, e.g., given by formula (16). As a result, the gainfunction computation module 104 provides a single output value for thei-th loudspeaker (or headphone channel) which is used as the diffusegain Q across all frequencies. The final diffuse sound Y_(diff,i)(k, n)for the i-th loudspeaker channel is obtained by decorrelatingY_(diff)(k, n), e.g., as given by formula (2b).

Now, embodiments are considered, where an acoustic zoom based on DOAs isprovided. In such embodiments, the processing for an acoustic zoom maybe considered that is consistent with the visual zoom. This consistentaudio-visual zoom is achieved by adjusting the weights G_(i)(k, n) andQ, for example, employed in formula (2a) as depicted in the signalmodifier 103 of FIG. 2.

In an embodiment, the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) may, for example, beselected in gain selection unit 201 from the direct gain functiong_(i)(k, n) computed in the gain function computation module 104 basedon the DOAs estimated in parameter estimation module 102. The diffusegain Q is selected in the gain selection unit 202 from the diffuse gainfunction q(β) computed in the gain function computation module 104. Inother embodiments, the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) and the diffuse gain Qare computed by the signal modifier 103 without computing first therespective gain functions and then selecting the gains.

It should be noted that in contrast to the above-described embodiment,the diffuse gain function q(β) is determined based on the zoom factor β.In embodiments, the distance information is not used, and thus, in suchembodiments, it is not estimated in the parameter estimation module 102.

To derive the zoom parameters G_(i)(k, n) and Q in (2a), the geometry inFIG. 4 is considered. The parameters denoted in the figure are analogousto those described with respect to FIG. 4 in the embodiment above.

Similarly to the above-described embodiment, it is assumed that allsound sources are located on the focal plane, which is positionedparallel to the x-axis at a distance g. It should be noted that someautofocus systems are able to provide g, e.g., the distance to the focalplane. This allows to assume that all sources in the image are sharp. Onthe reproduction (far-end) side, the DOA φ_(b)(k, n) and positionx_(b)(k, n) on a display depend on many parameters such as the distanceg of the source from the camera, the image sensor size, the display sizex_(d), and zooming factor of the camera (e.g., opening angle of thecamera) β. Assuming the optical system is linear, according to formula(23):tan φ_(b)(k,n)=βc tan φ(k,n),  (23)where c is the calibration parameter compensating for the unknownoptical parameters and β≥1 is the user-controlled zooming factor. Itshould be noted that in a visual camera, zooming in by a factor β isequivalent to multiplying x_(b)(k, n) by β. Moreover, c is constant onlyif all source positions have the same distance g to the x-axis. In thiscase, c can be considered as a calibration parameter which is adjustedonce such that the visual and acoustical images are aligned. The directsound gain G_(i)(k, n) is selected from the direct gain functiong_(i)(φ) asG _(i)(k,n)=g _(i)(φ(k,n)),  (24)g _(i)(φ)=p _(b,i)(φ)w _(b)(φ),  (25)where p_(b,i)(φ) denotes the panning gain function and w_(b)(φ) is thewindow gain function for a consistent audio-visual zoom. The panninggain function for a consistent audio-visual zoom is computed in the gainfunction computation module 104 from the original (e.g. VBAP) panninggain function p_(i)(φ) asp _(b,i)(φ)=p _(i)(tan⁻¹[βc tan φ]).  (26)

Thus the direct sound gain G_(i)(k, n), e.g., selected in the gainselection unit 201, is determined based on the estimated DOA φ(k, n)from a look-up panning table computed in the gain function computationmodule 104, which is fixed if β does not change. It should be notedthat, in some embodiments, p_(b,i)(φ) needs to be recomputed, forexample, by employing formula (26) every time the zoom factor β ismodified.

Example stereo panning gain functions for β=1 and β=3 are shown in FIGS.6a-6c (see FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b ). In particular, FIG. 6a illustrates anexample panning gain function p_(b,i) for β=1; FIG. 6b illustratespanning gains after zooming with β=3; and FIG. 6c illustrates panninggains after zooming with β=3 with an angular shift.

As can be seen in the example, when the direct sound arrives from φ(k,n)=10°, the panning gain for the left loudspeaker is increased for largeβ values, while the panning function for the right loudspeaker and β=3returns a smaller value than for β=1. Such panning effectively moves theperceived source position more to the outer directions when zoom factorβ is increased.

According to embodiments, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to determine two or more audio output signals. For each audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals, a panning gainfunction is assigned to said audio output signal.

The panning gain function of each of the two or more audio outputsignals comprises a plurality of panning function argument values,wherein a panning function return value is assigned to each of saidpanning function argument values, wherein, when said panning functionreceives one of said panning function argument values, said panningfunction is configured to return the panning function return value beingassigned to said one of said panning function argument values, and

The signal processor 105 is configured to determine each of the two ormore audio output signals depending on a direction dependent argumentvalue of the panning function argument values of the panning gainfunction being assigned to said audio output signal, wherein saiddirection dependent argument value depends on the direction of arrival.

According to an embodiment, the panning gain function of each of the twoor more audio output signals has one or more global maxima, being one ofthe panning function argument values, wherein for each of the one ormore global maxima of each panning gain function, no other panningfunction argument value exists for which said panning gain functionreturns a greater panning function return value than for said globalmaxima.

For each pair of a first audio output signal and a second audio outputsignal of the two or more audio output signals, at least one of the oneor more global maxima of the panning gain function of the first audiooutput signal is different from any of the one or more global maxima ofthe panning gain function of the second audio output signal.

Stated in short, the panning functions are implemented such that (atleast one of) the global maxima of different panning functions differ.

For example, in FIG. 6a , the local maxima of p_(b,l)(φ) are in therange −45° to −28° and the local maxima of p_(b,r)(φ) are in the range+28° to +45° and thus, the global maxima differ.

For example, in FIG. 6b , the local maxima of p_(b,l)(φ) are in therange −45° to −8° and the local maxima of p_(b,r)(φ) are in the range+8° to +45° and thus, the global maxima also differ.

For example, in FIG. 6c , the local maxima of p_(b,l)(φ) are in therange −45° to +2° and the local maxima of p_(b,r)(φ) are in the range+18° to +45° and thus, the global maxima also differ.

The panning gain function may, e.g, be implemented as a lookup table.

In such an embodiment, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., be configuredto calculate a panning lookup table for a panning gain function of atleast one of the audio output signals.

The panning lookup table of each audio output signal of said at leastone of the audio output signals may, e.g., comprise a plurality ofentries, wherein each of the entries comprises a panning functionargument value of the panning gain function of said audio output signaland the panning function return value of the panning gain function beingassigned to said panning function argument value, wherein the signalprocessor 105 is configured to obtain one of the panning function returnvalues from said panning lookup table by selecting, depending on thedirection of arrival, the direction dependent argument value from thepanning lookup table, and wherein the signal processor 105 is configuredto determine the gain value for said audio output signal depending onsaid one of the panning function return values obtained from saidpanning lookup table.

In the following, embodiments are described that employ a direct soundwindow. According to such embodiments, a direct sound window for theconsistent zoom w_(b)(φ) is computed according tow _(b)(φ)=w(tan⁻¹[βc tan φ]),  (27)where w_(b)(φ) is a window gain function for an acoustic zoom thatattenuates the direct sound if the source is mapped to a positionoutside the visual image for the zoom factor β.

The window function w(φ) may, for example, be set for β=1, such that thedirect sound of sources that are outside the visual image are reduced toa desired level, and it may be recomputed, for example, by employingformula (27), every time the zoom parameter changes. It should be notedthat w_(b)(φ) is the same for all loudspeaker channels. Example windowfunctions for β=1 and β=3 are shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b , where for anincreased β value the window width is decreased.

In FIGS. 7a-7c examples of consistent window gain functions areillustrated. In particular, FIG. 7a illustrates a window gain functionw_(b) without zooming (zoom factor β=1), FIG. 7b illustrates a windowgain function after zooming (zoom factor β=3), FIG. 7c illustrates awindow gain function after zooming (zoom factor β=3) with an angularshift. For example, the angular shift may realize a rotation of thewindow to a look direction.

For example, in FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c the window gain function returns again of 1, if the DOA φ is located within the window, the window gainfunction returns a gain of 0.18, if φ is located outside the window, andthe window gain function returns a gain between 0.18 and 1, if φ islocated at the border of the window.

According to embodiments, the signal processor 105 is configured togenerate each audio output signal of the one or more audio outputsignals depending on a window gain function. The window gain function isconfigured to return a window function return value when receiving awindow function argument value.

If the window function argument value is greater than a lower windowthreshold and smaller than an upper window threshold, the window gainfunction is configured to return a window function return value beinggreater than any window function return value returned by the windowgain function, if the window function argument value is smaller than thelower threshold, or greater than the upper threshold.

For example, in formula (27)w _(b)(φ)=w(tan⁻¹[βc tan φ]),the azimuth angle of the direction of arrival φ is the window functionargument value of the window gain function w_(b)(φ). The window gainfunction w_(b)(φ) depends on zoom information, here, zoom factor β.

To explain the definition of the window gain function, reference may bemade to FIG. 7 a.

If the azimuth angle of the DOA φ is greater than −20° (lower threshold)and smaller than +20° (upper threshold), all values returned by thewindow gain function are greater than 0.6. Otherwise, if the azimuthangle of the DOA φ is smaller than −20° (lower threshold) or greaterthan +20° (upper threshold), all values returned by the window gainfunction are smaller than 0.6.

In an embodiment, the signal processor 105 is configured to receive zoominformation. Moreover the signal processor 105 is configured to generateeach audio output signal of the one or more audio output signalsdepending on the window gain function, wherein the window gain functiondepends on the zoom information.

This can be seen for the (modified) window gain functions of FIG. 7b andFIG. 7b if other values are considered as lower/upper thresholds or ifother values are considered as return values. In FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c ,it can be seen, that the window gain function depends on the zoominformation: zoom factor β.

The window gain function may, e.g., be implemented as a lookup table. Insuch an embodiment, the signal processor 105 is configured to calculatea window lookup table, wherein the window lookup table comprises aplurality of entries, wherein each of the entries comprises a windowfunction argument value of the window gain function and a windowfunction return value of the window gain function being assigned to saidwindow function argument value. The signal processor 105 is configuredto obtain one of the window function return values from the windowlookup table by selecting one of the window function argument values ofthe window lookup table depending on the direction of arrival. Moreover,the signal processor 105 is configured to determine the gain value forat least one of the one or more audio output signals depending said oneof the window function return values obtained from the window lookuptable.

In addition to the zooming concept, the window and panning functions canbe shifted by a shift angle θ. This angle could correspond to either therotation of a camera look direction l or to moving within an visualimage by analogy to a digital zoom in cameras. In the former case, thecamera rotation angle is recomputed for the angle on a display, e.g.,similarly to formula (23). In the latter case, θ can be a direct shiftof the window and panning functions (e.g. w_(b)(φ) and p_(b,i)(φ)) forthe consistent acoustical zoom. An illustrative example a shifting bothfunctions is depicted in FIGS. 5c and 6 c.

It should be noted that instead of recomputing the panning gain andwindow functions, one could calculate the DOA φ_(b)(k, n) for thedisplay, for example, according to formula (23), and apply it in theoriginal panning and window functions as p_(i)(φ) and w(φ_(b)),respectively. Such processing is equivalent since the followingrelations holds:p _(b,i)(φ(k,n))=p _(i)(φ_(b)(k,n)),  (28)w _(b)(φ(k,n))=w(φ_(b)(k,n)).  (29)

However, this would necessitate the gain function computation module 104to receive the estimated DOAs φ(k, n) as input and the DOArecalculation, for example according to formula (18), may, e.g., beperformed in each consecutive time frame, irrespective if β was changedor not.

As for the diffuse sound, computing the diffuse gain function q(β),e.g., in the gain function computation module 104, necessitates only theknowledge of the number of loudspeakers I available for reproduction.Thus, it can be set independently from the parameters of a visual cameraor the display.

For example, for equally spaced loudspeakers, the real-valued diffusesound gain Qϵ[0,1/√{square root over (I)}] in formula (2a) is selectedin the gain selection unit 202 based on the zoom parameter β. The aim ofusing the diffuse gain is to attenuate the diffuse sound depending onthe zooming factor, e.g., zooming increases the DRR of the reproducedsignal. This is achieved by lowering Q for larger β. In fact, zooming inmeans that the opening angle of the camera becomes smaller, e.g., anatural acoustical correspondence would be a more directive microphonewhich captures less diffuse sound.

To mimic this effect, an embodiment may, for example, employ the gainfunction shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a diffusegain function q(β).

In other embodiments, the gain function is defined differently. Thefinal diffuse sound Y_(diff,i)(k, n) for the i-th loudspeaker channel isachieved by decorrelating Y_(diff)(k, n), for example, according toformula (2b).

In the following, acoustic zoom based on DOAs and distances isconsidered.

According to some embodiments, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to receive distance information, wherein the signal processor105 may, e.g., be configured to generate each audio output signal of theone or more audio output signals depending on the distance information.

Some embodiments employ a processing for the consistent acoustic zoomwhich is based on both the estimated DOA φ(k, n) and a distance valuer(k, n). The concepts of these embodiments can also be applied to alignthe recorded acoustical scene to a video without zooming where thesources are not located at the same distance as previously assumed inthe distance information r(k, n) available enables us to create anacoustical blurring effect for the sound sources which do not appearsharp in the visual image, e.g., for the sources which are not locatedon the focal plane of the camera.

To facilitate a consistent sound reproduction, e.g., an acoustical zoom,with blurring for sources located at different distances, the gainsG_(i)(k, n) and Q can be adjusted in formula (2a) as depicted in signalmodifier 103 of FIG. 2 based on two estimated parameters, namely φ(k, n)and r(k, n), and depending on the zoom factor β. If no zooming isinvolved, β may be set to β=1.

The parameters φ(k, n) and r(k, n) may, for example, be estimated in theparameter estimation module 102 as described above. In this embodiment,the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) is determined (for example by being selectedin the gain selection unit 201) based on the DOA and distanceinformation from one or more direct gain function gi,j(k, n) (which may,for example, be computed in the gain function computation module 104).Similarly as described for the embodiments above, the diffuse gain Qmay, for example, be selected in the gain selection unit 202 from thediffuse gain function q(β), for example, computed in the gain functioncomputation module 104 based on the zoom factor β.

In other embodiments, the direct gain G_(i)(k, n) and the diffuse gain Qare computed by the signal modifier 103 without computing first therespective gain functions and then selecting the gains.

To explain the acoustic scene reproduction and acoustic zooming forsound sources at different distances, reference is made to FIG. 9. Theparameters denoted in the FIG. 9 are analogous to those described above.

In FIG. 9, the sound source is located at position P′ at distance R(k,n) to the x-axis. The distance r, which may, e.g., be (k, n)-specific(time-frequency-specific: r(k, n)) denotes the distance between thesource position and focal plane (left vertical line passing through g).It should be noted that some autofocus systems are able to provide g,e.g., the distance to the focal plane.

The DOA of the direct sound from point of view of the microphone arrayis indicated by φ′(k, n). In contrast to other embodiments, it is notassumed that all sources are located at the same distance g from thecamera lens. Thus, e.g., the position P′ can have an arbitrary distanceR(k, n) to the x-axis.

If the source is not located on the focal plane, the source will appearblurred in the video. Moreover, embodiments are based on the findingthat if the source is located at any position on the dashed line 910, itwill appear at the same position x_(b)(k, n) in the video. However,embodiments are based on the finding that the estimated DOA φ′(k, n) ofthe direct sound will change if the source moves along the dashed line910. In other words, based on the findings employed by embodiments, ifthe source moves parallel to the y-axis, the estimated DOA φ′(k, n) willvary while x_(b) (and thus, the DOA φ_(b)(k, n) from which the soundshould be reproduced) remains the same. Consequently, if the estimatedDOA φ′(k, n) is transmitted to the far-end side and used for the soundreproduction as described in the previous embodiments, then theacoustical and visual image are not aligned anymore if the sourcechanges its distance R(k, n).

To compensate for this effect and to achieve a consistent soundreproduction, the DOA estimation, for example, conducted in theparameter estimation module 102, estimates the DOA of the direct soundas if the source was located on the focal plane at position P. Thisposition represents the projection of P′ on the focal plane. Thecorresponding DOA is denoted by φ(k, n) in FIG. 9 and is used at thefar-end side for the consistent sound reproduction, similarly as in theprevious embodiments. The (modified) DOA φ(k, n) can be computed fromthe estimated (original) DOA φ′(k, n) based on geometric considerations,if r and g are known.

For example, in FIG. 9, the signal processor 105 may, for example,calculate φ(k, n) from φ′(k, n) r and g according to:

$\varphi = {{\arctan\left( \frac{\tan\;{\varphi^{\prime} \cdot \left( {r + g} \right)}}{g} \right)}.}$

Thus, according to an embodiment, the signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to receive an original azimuth angle φ′(k, n) of thedirection of arrival, being the direction of arrival of the directsignal components of the two or more audio input signals, and isconfigured to further receive distance information, and may, e.g., beconfigured to further receive distance information r. The signalprocessor 105 may, e.g., be configured to calculate a modified azimuthangle φ(k, n) of the direction of arrival depending on the azimuth angleof the original direction of arrival φ′(k, n) and depending on thedistance information r and g. The signal processor 105 may, e.g., beconfigured to generate each audio output signal of the one or more ofaudio output signals depending on the azimuth angle of the modifieddirection of arrival φ(k, n).

The necessitated distance information can be estimated as explainedabove (the distance g of the focal plane can be obtained from the lenssystem or autofocus information). It should be noted that, for example,in this embodiment, the distance r(k, n) between the source and focalplane is transmitted to the far-end side together with the (mapped) DOAφ(k, n).

Moreover, by analogy to the visual zoom, the sources lying at a largedistance r from the focal plane do not appear sharp in the image. Thiseffect is well-known in optics as the so-called depth-of-field (DOF),which defines the range of source distances that appear acceptably sharpin the visual image.

An example of the DOF curve as function of the distance r is depicted inFIG. 10 a.

FIGS. 10a-10c illustrate example figures for the depth-of-field (FIG.10a ), for a cut-off frequency of a low-pass filter (FIG. 10b ), and forthe time-delay in ms for the repeated direct sound (FIG. 10c ).

In FIG. 10a , the sources at a small distance from the focal plane arestill sharp, whereas sources at larger distances (either closer orfurther away from the camera) appear as blurred. So according to anembodiment, the corresponding sound sources are blurred such that theirvisual and acoustical images are consistent.

To derive the gains G_(i)(k, n) and Q in (2a), which realize theacoustic blurring and consistent spatial sound reproduction, the angleis considered at which the source positioned at P(φ, r) will appear on adisplay. The blurred source will be displayed attan φ_(b)(k,n)=βc tan φ(k,n),  (30)where c is the calibration parameter, β≥1 is the user-controlled zoomfactor, φ(k, n) is the (mapped) DOA, for example, estimated in theparameter estimation module 102. As mentioned before, the direct gainG_(i)(k, n) in such embodiments may, e.g., be computed from multipledirect gain functions g_(i,j). In particular, two gain functionsg_(i,1)(φ(k, n)) and g_(i,2)(r(k, n)) may, for example, be used, whereinthe first gain function depends on the DOA φ(k, n), and wherein thesecond gain function depends on the distance r(k, n). The direct gainG_(i)(k, n) may be computed as:G _(i)(k,n)=g _(i,1)(φ(k,n)g _(i,2)(r(k,n))  (31)g _(i,1)(φ)=p _(b,i)(φ)w _(b)(φ)  (32)g _(i,2)(r)=b(r),  (33)wherein p_(b,i)(φ) denotes the panning gain function (to assure that thesound is reproduced from the right direction), wherein w_(b)(φ) is thewindow gain function (to assure that the direct sound is attenuated ifthe source is not visible in the video), and wherein b(r) is theblurring function (to blur sources acoustically if they are not locatedon the focal plane).

It should be noted that all gain functions can be definedfrequency-dependent (which is omitted here for brevity). It should befurther noted that in this embodiment the direct gain G_(i) is found byselecting and multiplying gains from two different gain functions, asshown in formula (32).

Both gain functions p_(b,i)(φ) and w_(b)(φ) are defined analogously asdescribed above. For example, they may be computed, e.g., in the gainfunction computation module 104, for example, using formulae (26) and(27), and they remain fixed unless the zoom factor β changes. Thedetailed description of these two functions has been provided above. Theblurring function b(r) returns complex gains that cause blurring, e.g.perceptual spreading, of a source, and thus the overall gain functiong_(i) will also typically return a complex number. For simplicity, inthe following, the blurring is denoted as a function of a distance tothe focal plane b(r).

The blurring effect can be obtained as a selected one or a combinationof the following blurring effects: Low pass filtering, adding delayeddirect sound, direct sound attenuation, temporal smoothing and/or DOAspreading. Thus, according to an embodiment, the signal processor 105may, e.g., be configured to generate the one or more audio outputsignals by conducting low pass filtering, or by adding delayed directsound, or by conducting direct sound attenuation, or by conductingtemporal smoothing, or by conducting direction of arrival spreading.

Low pass filtering: In vision, a non-sharp visual image can be obtainedby low-pass filtering, which effectively merges the neighboring pixelsin the visual image. By analogy, an acoustic blurring effect can beobtained by low-pass filtering of the direct sound with the cut-offfrequency selected based on the estimated distance of the source to thefocal plane r. In this case, the blurring function b(r, k) returns thelow-pass filter gains for frequency k and distance r. An example curvefor the cut-off frequency of a first-order low-pass filter for thesampling frequency of 16 kHz is shown in FIG. 10b . For small distancesr, the cut-off frequency is close to the Nyquist frequency, and thusalmost no low-pass filtering is effectively performed. For largerdistance values, the cut-off frequency is decreased until it levels offat 3 kHz where the acoustical image is sufficiently blurred.

Adding delayed direct sound: In order to unsharpen the acoustical imageof a source, we can decorrelated the direct sound, for instance byrepeating an attenuating the direct sound after some delay τ (e.g.,between 1 and 30 ms). Such processing can, for example, be conductedaccording to the complex gain function of formula (34):b(r,k)=1+α(r)e ^(−jwτ(r))  (34)where α denotes the attenuation gain for the repeated sound and τ is thedelay after which the direct sound is repeated. An example delay curve(in ms) is shown in FIG. 10c . For small distances, the delayed signalis not repeated and α is set to zero. For larger distances, the timedelay increases with increasing distance, which causes a perceptualspreading of an acoustic source.

Direct sound attenuation: The source can also be perceived as blurredwhen the direct sound is attenuated by a constant factor. In this caseb(r)=const<1. As mentioned above, the blurring function b(r) can consistof any of the mentioned blurring effects or as a combination of theseeffects. In addition, alternative processing that blurs the source canbe used.

Temporal smoothing: Smoothing of the direct sound across time can, forexample, be used to perceptually blur the acoustic source. This can beachieved by smoothing the envelop of the extracted direct signal overtime.

DOA spreading: Another method to unsharpen an acoustical source consistsin reproducing the source signal from the range of directions insteadfrom the estimated direction only. This can be achieved by randomizingthe angle, for example, by taking a random angle from a Gaussiandistribution centered around the estimated φ. Increasing the variance ofsuch a distribution, and thus the widening the possible DOA range,increases the perception of blurring.

Analogously as described above, computing the diffuse gain function q(β)in the gain function computation module 104, may, in some embodiments,necessitate only the knowledge of the number of loudspeakers I availablefor reproduction. Thus the diffuse gain function q(β) can, in suchembodiments, be set as desired for the application. For example, forequally spaced loudspeakers, the real-valued diffuse sound gainQϵ[0,1/√{square root over (I)}] in formula (2a) is selected in the gainselection unit 202 based on the zoom parameter β. The aim of using thediffuse gain is to attenuate the diffuse sound depending on the zoomingfactor, e.g., zooming increases the DRR of the reproduced signal. Thisis achieved by lowering Q for larger β. In fact, zooming in means thatthe opening angle of the camera becomes smaller, e.g., a naturalacoustical correspondence would be a more directive microphone whichcaptures less diffuse sound. To mimic this effect, we can use forinstance the gain function shown in FIG. 8. Clearly, the gain functioncould also be defined differently. Optionally, the final diffuse soundY_(diff,i)(k, n) for the i-th loudspeaker channel is obtained bydecorrelating Y_(diff)(k, n) obtained in formula (2b).

Now, embodiments are considered that realize an application to hearingaids and assistive listening devices. FIG. 11 illustrates such a hearingaid application.

Some embodiments are related to binaural hearing aids. In this case, itis assumed that each hearing aid is equipped with at least onemicrophone and that information can be exchanged between the two hearingaids. Due to some hearing loss, the hearing impaired person mightexperience difficulties focusing (e.g., concentrating on sounds comingfrom a particular point or direction) on a desired sound or sounds. Inorder to help the brain of the hearing impaired person to process thesounds that are reproduced by the hearing aids, the acoustical image ismade consistent with the focus point or direction of the hearing aidsuser. It is conceivable that the focus point or direction is predefined,user defined, or defined by a brain-machine interface. Such embodimentsensure that desired sounds (which are assumed to arrive from the focuspoint or focus direction) and the undesired sounds appear spatiallyseparated.

In such embodiments, the directions of the direct sounds can beestimated in different ways. According to an embodiment, the directionsare determined based on the inter-aural level differences (ILDs) and/orinter-aural time differences (ITDs) that are determined using bothhearing aids (see [15] and [16]).

According to other embodiments, the directions of the direct sounds onthe left and right are estimated independently using a hearing aid thatis equipped with at least two microphones (see [17]). The estimateddirections can be fussed based on the sound pressure levels at the leftand right hearing aid, or the spatial coherence at the left and righthearing aid. Because of the head shadowing effect, different estimatorsmay be employed for different frequency bands (e.g., ILDs at highfrequencies and ITDs at low frequencies).

In some embodiments, the direct and diffuse sound signals may, e.g., beestimated using the aforementioned informed spatial filteringtechniques. In this case, the direct and diffuse sounds as received atthe left and right hearing aid can be estimated separately (e.g., bychanging the reference microphone), or the left and right output signalscan be generated using a gain function for the left and right hearingaid output, respectively, in a similar way the different loudspeaker orheadphone signals are obtained in the previous embodiments.

In order to spatially separate the desired and undesired sounds, theacoustic zoom explained in the aforementioned embodiments can beapplied. In this case, the focus point or focus direction determines thezoom factor.

Thus, according to an embodiment, a hearing aid or an assistivelistening device may be provided, wherein the hearing aid or anassistive listening device comprises a system as described above,wherein the signal processor 105 of the above-described systemdetermines the direct gain for each of the one or more audio outputsignals, for example, depending on a focus direction or a focus point.

In an embodiment, the signal processor 105 of the above-described systemmay, e.g., be configured to receive zoom information. The signalprocessor 105 of the above-described system may, e.g., be configured togenerate each audio output signal of the one or more audio outputsignals depending on a window gain function, wherein the window gainfunction depends on the zoom information. The same concepts as explainedwith reference to FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c are employed.

If a window function argument, depending on the focus direction or onthe focus point, is greater than a lower threshold and smaller than anupper threshold, the window gain function is configured to return awindow gain being greater than any window gain returned by the windowgain function, if the window function argument is smaller than the lowerthreshold, or greater than the upper threshold.

For example, in case of the focus direction, focus direction may itselfbe the window function argument (and thus, the window function argumentdepends on the focus direction). In case of the focus position, a windowfunction argument, may, e.g., be derived from the focus position.

Similarly, the invention can be applied to other wearable devices whichinclude assistive listening devices or devices such as Google Glass®. Itshould be noted that some wearable devices are also equipped with one ormore cameras or ToF sensor that can be used to estimate the distance ofobjects to the person wearing the device.

Although some aspects have been described in the context of anapparatus, it is clear that these aspects also represent a descriptionof the corresponding method, where a block or device corresponds to amethod step or a feature of a method step. Analogously, aspectsdescribed in the context of a method step also represent a descriptionof a corresponding block or item or feature of a correspondingapparatus.

The inventive decomposed signal can be stored on a digital storagemedium or can be transmitted on a transmission medium such as a wirelesstransmission medium or a wired transmission medium such as the Internet.

Depending on certain implementation requirements, embodiments of theinvention can be implemented in hardware or in software. Theimplementation can be performed using a digital storage medium, forexample a floppy disk, a DVD, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROMor a FLASH memory, having electronically readable control signals storedthereon, which cooperate (or are capable of cooperating) with aprogrammable computer system such that the respective method isperformed.

Some embodiments according to the invention comprise a non-transitorydata carrier having electronically readable control signals, which arecapable of cooperating with a programmable computer system, such thatone of the methods described herein is performed.

Generally, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as acomputer program product with a program code, the program code beingoperative for performing one of the methods when the computer programproduct runs on a computer. The program code may for example be storedon a machine readable carrier.

Other embodiments comprise the computer program for performing one ofthe methods described herein, stored on a machine readable carrier.

In other words, an embodiment of the inventive method is, therefore, acomputer program having a program code for performing one of the methodsdescribed herein, when the computer program runs on a computer.

A further embodiment of the inventive methods is, therefore, a datacarrier (or a digital storage medium, or a computer-readable medium)comprising, recorded thereon, the computer program for performing one ofthe methods described herein.

A further embodiment of the inventive method is, therefore, a datastream or a sequence of signals representing the computer program forperforming one of the methods described herein. The data stream or thesequence of signals may for example be configured to be transferred viaa data communication connection, for example via the Internet.

A further embodiment comprises a processing means, for example acomputer, or a programmable logic device, configured to or adapted toperform one of the methods described herein.

A further embodiment comprises a computer having installed thereon thecomputer program for performing one of the methods described herein.

In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (for example a fieldprogrammable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of thefunctionalities of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, afield programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor inorder to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, themethods may be performed by any hardware apparatus.

While this invention has been described in terms of several embodiments,there are alterations, permutations, and equivalents which will beapparent to others skilled in the art and which fall within the scope ofthis invention. It should also be noted that there are many alternativeways of implementing the methods and compositions of the presentinvention. It is therefore intended that the following appended claimsbe interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations, andequivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the presentinvention.

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The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for generating two or more audiooutput signals, comprising: a decomposition module, a signal processor,and an output interface, wherein the decomposition module is configuredto receive two or more audio input signals, wherein the decompositionmodule is configured to generate a direct component signal, comprisingdirect signal components of the two or more audio input signals, andwherein the decomposition module is configured to generate a diffusecomponent signal, comprising diffuse signal components of the two ormore audio input signals, wherein the signal processor is configured toreceive the direct component signal, the diffuse component signal anddirection information, said direction information depending on adirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals, wherein the signal processor is configured togenerate one or more processed diffuse signals depending on the diffusecomponent signal, wherein, for each audio output signal of the two ormore audio output signals, the signal processor is configured todetermine, depending on the direction of arrival, a direct gain, thesignal processor is configured to apply said direct gain on the directcomponent signal to acquire a processed direct signal, and the signalprocessor is configured to combine said processed direct signal and oneof the one or more processed diffuse signals to generate said audiooutput signal, and wherein the output interface is configured to outputthe two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audio outputsignal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gain functionis assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panning gainfunction of each of the two or more audio output signals comprises aplurality of panning function argument values, wherein a panningfunction return value is assigned to each of said panning functionargument values, wherein, when said panning gain function receives oneof said panning function argument values, said panning gain function isconfigured to return the panning function return value being assigned tosaid one of said panning function argument values, wherein the panninggain function comprises a direction dependent argument value whichdepends on the direction of arrival, wherein the signal processorcomprises a gain function computation module for computing a direct gainfunction for each of the two or more audio output signals depending onthe panning gain function being assigned to said audio output signal anddepending on a window gain function, to determine the direct gain ofsaid audio output signal, wherein the signal processor is configured tofurther receive orientation information indicating an angular shift of alook direction of a camera, and at least one of the panning gainfunction and the window gain function depends on the orientationinformation; or wherein the gain function computation module isconfigured to further receive zoom information, and the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information.
 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein thepanning gain function of each of the two or more audio output signalscomprises one or more global maxima, being one of the panning functionargument values, wherein for each of the one or more global maxima ofeach panning gain function, no other panning function argument valueexists for which said panning gain function returns a greater panningfunction return value than for said global maxima, and wherein, for eachpair of a first audio output signal and a second audio output signal ofthe two or more audio output signals, at least one of the one or moreglobal maxima of the panning gain function of the first audio outputsignal is different from any of the one or more global maxima of thepanning gain function of the second audio output signal.
 3. The systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the signal processor is configured togenerate each audio output signal of the two or more audio outputsignals depending on a window gain function, wherein the window gainfunction is configured to return a window function return value whenreceiving a window function argument value, wherein, if the windowfunction argument value is greater than a lower window threshold andsmaller than an upper window threshold, the window gain function isconfigured to return a window function return value being greater thanany window function return value returned by the window gain function,if the window function argument value is smaller than the lowerthreshold, or greater than the upper threshold.
 4. The system accordingto claim 1, wherein the gain function computation module is configuredto further receive a calibration parameter, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thecalibration parameter.
 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein thesignal processor is configured to receive the distance information,wherein the signal processor is configured to generate each audio outputsignal of the two or more audio output signals depending on the distanceinformation.
 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the signalprocessor is configured to receive an original angle value depending onan original direction of arrival, being the direction of arrival of thedirect signal components of the two or more audio input signals, and isconfigured to receive the distance information, wherein the signalprocessor is configured to calculate a modified angle value depending onthe original angle value and depending on the distance information, andwherein the signal processor is configured to generate each audio outputsignal of the two or more audio output signals depending on the modifiedangle value.
 7. The system according to claim 5, wherein the signalprocessor is configured to generate the two or more audio output signalsby conducting low pass filtering, or by adding delayed direct sound, orby conducting direct sound attenuation, or by conducting temporalsmoothing, or by conducting direction of arrival spreading, or byconducting decorrelation.
 8. The system according to claim 1, whereinthe signal processor is configured to generate two or more audio outputchannels, wherein the signal processor is configured to apply a diffusegain on the diffuse component signal to acquire an intermediate diffusesignal, and wherein the signal processor is configured to generate oneor more decorrelated signals from the intermediate diffuse signal byconducting decorrelation, wherein the one or more decorrelated signalsform the one or more processed diffuse signals, or wherein theintermediate diffuse signal and the one or more decorrelated signalsform the one or more processed diffuse signals.
 9. The system accordingto claim 1, wherein the direct component signal and one or more furtherdirect component signals form a group of two or more direct componentsignals, wherein the decomposition module is configured is configured togenerate the one or more further direct component signals comprisingfurther direct signal components of the two or more audio input signals,wherein the direction of arrival and one or more further direction ofarrivals form a group of two or more direction of arrivals, wherein eachdirection of arrival of the group of the two or more direction ofarrivals is assigned to exactly one direct component signal of the groupof the two or more direct component signals, wherein the number of thedirect component signals of the two or more direct component signals andthe number of the direction of arrivals of the two direction of arrivalsis equal, wherein the signal processor is configured to receive thegroup of the two or more direct component signals, and the group of thetwo or more direction of arrivals, and wherein, for each audio outputsignal of the two or more audio output signals, the signal processor isconfigured to determine, for each direct component signal of the groupof the two or more direct component signals, a direct gain depending onthe direction of arrival of said direct component signal, the signalprocessor is configured to generate a group of two or more processeddirect signals by applying, for each direct component signal of thegroup of the two or more direct component signals, the direct gain ofsaid direct component signal on said direct component signal, and thesignal processor is configured to combine one of the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals and each processed signal of the group of thetwo or more processed signals to generate said audio output signal. 10.The system according to claim 9, wherein the number of the directcomponent signals of the group of the two or more direct componentsignals plus 1 is smaller than the number of the audio input signalsbeing received by a receiving interface of the system.
 11. A hearing aidor an assistive listening device comprising a system according toclaim
 1. 12. An apparatus for generating two or more audio outputsignals, comprising: a signal processor, and an output interface,wherein the signal processor is configured to receive a direct componentsignal, comprising direct signal components of two or more originalaudio signals, wherein the signal processor is configured to receive adiffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signal components of thetwo or more original audio signals, and wherein the signal processor isconfigured to receive direction information, said direction informationdepending on a direction of arrival of the direct signal components ofthe two or more audio input signals, wherein the signal processor isconfigured to generate one or more processed diffuse signals dependingon the diffuse component signal, wherein, for each audio output signalof the two or more audio output signals, the signal processor isconfigured to determine, depending on the direction of arrival, a directgain, the signal processor is configured to apply said direct gain onthe direct component signal to acquire a processed direct signal, andthe signal processor is configured to combine said processed directsignal and one of the one or more processed diffuse signals to generatesaid audio output signal, and wherein the output interface is configuredto output the two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gainfunction is assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panninggain function of each of the two or more audio output signals comprisesa plurality of panning function argument values, wherein a panningfunction return value is assigned to each of said panning functionargument values, wherein, when said panning gain function receives oneof said panning function argument values, said panning gain function isconfigured to return the panning function return value being assigned tosaid one of said panning function argument values, wherein the panninggain function comprises a direction dependent argument value whichdepends on the direction of arrival, wherein the signal processorcomprises a gain function computation module for computing a direct gainfunction for each of the two or more audio output signals depending onthe panning gain function being assigned to said audio output signal anddepending on a window gain function, to determine the direct gain ofsaid audio output signal, and wherein the signal processor is configuredto further receive orientation information indicating an angular shiftof a look direction of a camera, and at least one of the panning gainfunction and the window gain function depends on the orientationinformation; or wherein the gain function computation module isconfigured to further receive zoom information, and the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information.
 13. A method for generating two or more audio outputsignals, comprising: receiving two or more audio input signals,generating a direct component signal, comprising direct signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals, generating a diffusecomponent signal, comprising diffuse signal components of the two ormore audio input signals, receiving direction information depending on adirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals, generating one or more processed diffuse signalsdepending on the diffuse component signal, for each audio output signalof the two or more audio output signals, determining, depending on thedirection of arrival, a direct gain, applying said direct gain on thedirect component signal to acquire a processed direct signal, andcombining said processed direct signal and one of the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal, andoutputting the two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gainfunction is assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panninggain function of each of the two or more audio output signals comprisesa plurality of panning function argument values, wherein a panningfunction return value is assigned to each of said panning functionargument values, wherein, when said panning gain function receives oneof said panning function argument values, said panning gain function isconfigured to return the panning function return value being assigned tosaid one of said panning function argument values, wherein the panninggain function comprises a direction dependent argument value whichdepends on the direction of arrival, wherein the method furthercomprises computing a direct gain function for each of the two or moreaudio output signals depending on the panning gain function beingassigned to said audio output signal and depending on a window gainfunction, to determine the direct gain of said audio output signal, andwherein the method further comprises receiving orientation informationindicating an angular shift of a look direction of a camera, and atleast one of the panning gain function and the window gain functiondepends on the orientation information; or wherein the method furthercomprises receiving zoom information, wherein the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information.
 14. A method for generating two or more audio outputsignals, comprising: receiving a direct component signal, comprisingdirect signal components of two or more original audio signals,receiving a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signalcomponents of the two or more original audio signals, receivingdirection information, said direction information depending on adirection of arrival of the direct signal components of the two or moreaudio input signals, generating one or more processed diffuse signalsdepending on the diffuse component signal, for each audio output signalof the two or more audio output signals, determining, depending on thedirection of arrival, a direct gain, applying said direct gain on thedirect component signal to acquire a processed direct signal, and thecombining said processed direct signal and one of the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal, andoutputting the two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gainfunction is assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panninggain function of each of the two or more audio output signals comprisesa plurality of panning function argument values, wherein a panningfunction return value is assigned to each of said panning functionargument values, wherein, when said panning gain function receives oneof said panning function argument values, said panning gain function isconfigured to return the panning function return value being assigned tosaid one of said panning function argument values, wherein the panninggain function comprises a direction dependent argument value whichdepends on the direction of arrival, wherein the method furthercomprises computing a direct gain function for each of the two or moreaudio output signals depending on the panning gain function beingassigned to said audio output signal and depending on a window gainfunction, to determine the direct gain of said audio output signal, andwherein the method further comprises receiving orientation informationindicating an angular shift of a look direction of a camera, and atleast one of the panning gain function and the window gain functiondepends on the orientation information; or wherein the method furthercomprises receiving zoom information, wherein the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information.
 15. A non-transitory digital storage medium havingstored thereon a computer program for performing a method for generatingtwo or more audio output signals, comprising: receiving two or moreaudio input signals, generating a direct component signal, comprisingdirect signal components of the two or more audio input signals,generating a diffuse component signal, comprising diffuse signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals, receiving directioninformation depending on a direction of arrival of the direct signalcomponents of the two or more audio input signals, generating one ormore processed diffuse signals depending on the diffuse componentsignal, for each audio output signal of the two or more audio outputsignals, determining, depending on the direction of arrival, a directgain, applying said direct gain on the direct component signal toacquire a processed direct signal, and combining said processed directsignal and one of the one or more processed diffuse signals to generatesaid audio output signal, and outputting the two or more audio outputsignals, wherein for each audio output signal of the two or more audiooutput signals a panning gain function is assigned to said audio outputsignal, wherein the panning gain function of each of the two or moreaudio output signals comprises a plurality of panning function argumentvalues, wherein a panning function return value is assigned to each ofsaid panning function argument values, wherein, when said panning gainfunction receives one of said panning function argument values, saidpanning gain function is configured to return the panning functionreturn value being assigned to said one of said panning functionargument values, wherein the panning gain function comprises a directiondependent argument value which depends on the direction of arrival,wherein the method further comprises computing a direct gain functionfor each of the two or more audio output signals depending on thepanning gain function being assigned to said audio output signal anddepending on a window gain function, to determine the direct gain ofsaid audio output signal, and wherein the method further comprisesreceiving orientation information indicating an angular shift of a lookdirection of a camera, and at least one of the panning gain function andthe window gain function depends on the orientation information; orwherein the method further comprises receiving zoom information, whereinthe zoom information indicates an opening angle of the camera, andwherein at least one of the panning gain function and the window gainfunction depends on the zoom information, when said computer program isrun by a computer.
 16. A non-transitory digital storage medium havingstored thereon a computer program for performing a method for generatingtwo or more audio output signals, comprising: receiving a directcomponent signal, comprising direct signal components of two or moreoriginal audio signals, receiving a diffuse component signal, comprisingdiffuse signal components of the two or more original audio signals,receiving direction information, said direction information depending ona direction of arrival of the direct signal components of the two ormore audio input signals, generating one or more processed diffusesignals depending on the diffuse component signal, for each audio outputsignal of the two or more audio output signals, determining, dependingon the direction of arrival, a direct gain, applying said direct gain onthe direct component signal to acquire a processed direct signal, andthe combining said processed direct signal and one of the one or moreprocessed diffuse signals to generate said audio output signal, andoutputting the two or more audio output signals, wherein for each audiooutput signal of the two or more audio output signals a panning gainfunction is assigned to said audio output signal, wherein the panninggain function of each of the two or more audio output signals comprisesa plurality of panning function argument values, wherein a panningfunction return value is assigned to each of said panning functionargument values, wherein, when said panning gain function receives oneof said panning function argument values, said panning gain function isconfigured to return the panning function return value being assigned tosaid one of said panning function argument values, wherein the panninggain function comprises a direction dependent argument value whichdepends on the direction of arrival, wherein the method furthercomprises computing a direct gain function for each of the two or moreaudio output signals depending on the panning gain function beingassigned to said audio output signal and depending on a window gainfunction, to determine the direct gain of said audio output signal, andwherein the method further comprises receiving orientation informationindicating an angular shift of a look direction of a camera, and atleast one of the panning gain function and the window gain functiondepends on the orientation information; or wherein the method furthercomprises receiving zoom information, wherein the zoom informationindicates an opening angle of the camera, and wherein at least one ofthe panning gain function and the window gain function depends on thezoom information, when said computer program is run by a computer.